Of great importance for achieving the strategic goals of agricultural development in the sphere of ensuring harmonization of physical and economic availability at the level of rational consumption standards are the factors of reproduction and purchasing power of population income. The multidirectionality of these factors in the process of solving food problems enhances the importance of state support as a key instrument of agricultural policy. The goal is to substantiate the parameters of state support that ensure the achievement of the strategic goals of agricultural development. Research methods – analytical calculations, econometric modeling and experimental calculations. Groups of logarithmic models for describing the parameters of reproduction, purchasing power of population income and state support of agriculture are obtained, taking into account rent factors. The elasticity coefficients of the models show a high probability of balancing domestic demand at the "desired" level due to supply from domestic producers using subsidies associated with aspects of food security. The novelty lies in the fact that the theory of state regulation of the agrarian economy in market conditions is supplemented by provisions on the multifunctionality of the role of state support, consisting in stimulating the growth of volumes and reducing the cost of a unit of its output. Scientific developments allow us to describe the parameters of the trinity of cost recovery (profitability), purchasing power of the population's income and state support, which contribute to the convergence of physical and economic accessibility at the level of healthy nutrition standards. Such parameters can complement the target and resource indicators of the state program for agriculture. Scientific results will serve the developers of documents on strategic planning in the agro-industrial complex as tools for substantiating management decisions at the goal-setting stage.
The present article focuses on developing a system of performance indicators to assess enterprise collaboration efficiency within industrial symbiosis, using the agro-industrial complex as a case study. The study accounts for such sector-specific features as production cyclicity, seasonality, and regional characteristics. The research methodology combines a PRISMA-guided meta-analysis of 103 publications in 2010-2025 and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to identify key themes and interrelationships. Based on the analysis of relevant studies, we propose a classification of indicators divided into four groups: economic, social, environmental, and innovation-related. To prove the practical relevance of the system, we consider domestic and international case studies demonstrating the symbiotic linkages that optimize resource flows, reduce environmental impact, and enhance economic performance. Special attention is given to cross-sectoral interactions, including waste, energy, and technology exchange. The research findings can be applied to develop resource management tools and a methodology for calculating an integral industrial symbiosis index. This research contributes to the advancement of the evaluation framework used for sustainable production systems in the agro-industrial sector.
The study has proven that efficient land use, the most important characteristic of which is an increase in the return on land resource potential and an increase in the profitability of land users, is a factor in the sustainable development of agriculture, as it allows the long-term economic growth in the industry without harming the environment and contributes to improving the quality of life of the population. It has been substantiated that the profitability of agricultural production is influenced by the size of land use. The use of the method of economic-statistical groupings and correlation-regression analysis made it possible to assess the impact of the area of agricultural land use on the indicators of land use efficiency, to identify the relationship between the essential features of the studied set of statistical observations and to prove the presence of a scale effect. It was found that the indicators of the economic efficiency of production activities in crop production of land users in the Northern and Central agricultural zones of the Krasnodar Territory increased as the area of agricultural land of organizations increased. Thus, in the group of land users with an agricultural land area of up to 3,000 hectares in both the Northern and Central zones, the lowest gross profit per hectare was obtained, which increased as the land area grew. In the group of organizations with an area of over 9,000 hectares, the gross profit per 1 hectare of agricultural land amounted to 36.8 and 33.3 thousand rubles, respectively, in the Northern and Central zones, which is 2.1 and 1.1 times more than in the group of farms with an area of less than 3,000 hectares. The profitability of crop production had the same growth patterns and amounted to 86.5% and 70.9%, respectively, in farms with an area of over 9,000 hectares. It has been proven that sustainable development of land use and agriculture can be achieved by achieving the optimal size of crop land. It has been established that ensuring sustainable development of agriculture is possible on the basis of the optimal size of arable land and agricultural land use, which can be achieved through the implementation of a mechanism for leasing land from the redistribution fund of municipalities.
The purpose of the study is to study and compare price trends in the market of agricultural products and used resources as the main criterion for achieving financial stability of the agricultural sector. The methodological base of the research is represented by the integrated use of such methods of scientific knowledge as monographic, monitoring studies, system analysis, economic comparisons, graphical techniques, dynamic analysis. The results of the conducted research indicate the existing price imbalances for agricultural products and industrial goods used in the production activities of farmers. In recent years, this disparity in prices has only intensified. Against the background of rapidly rising prices for used resources, unstable and low prices for agricultural products, the profitability of agricultural producers has significantly decreased. The Russian agricultural sector, taking into account the existing price imbalances, is becoming unattractive for investment. Agribusiness does not have the financial resources to actively modernize and technologically re-equip the industry. And high rates on credit products do not contribute to solving this issue. These negative trends make the industry's transition to a new innovative and technological level extremely difficult in the near future. The current situation requires the elaboration and implementation of a set of measures by the state to regulate price relations in the industry.
The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of functioning of small-scale economic activity in new regions of the Russian Federation using the example of the Zaporozhye region. The important role of family entrepreneurship as a factor in ensuring sustainable development of rural areas is noted. Attention is focused on the significant degradation of peasant farms within the Ukrainian economic model. The fact of a large number of small forms of agricultural production, functioning on the principles of subsistence farming, is noted. The need for a set of organizational measures aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of family forms of rural entrepreneurship is indicated. The importance of developing a multi-sector model for the functioning of small-scale economic activities in the rural area system has been proven. The expediency of using the author's methodology for assessing the effectiveness of family farms, reflecting their socio-economic nature, is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ways to optimize the functioning of peasant farms in rural agglomerations of the region. It is indicated that a significant part of peasant farms in the region carry out their production activities on small-scale principles. One of the reasons is the impossibility of conducting full-fledged commodity production with the existing resource base. The importance of developing scientifically based measures stimulating entrepreneurial forms of economic activity in the rural system is proven. The model of a rural entrepreneurial cluster based on diversification and cooperation of various areas of production and economic activity is substantiated. The cluster facilitates interaction between representatives of agricultural production and rural green tourism. The socio-economic efficiency of the proposed measures has been proven. It is expressed in an increase in the level of use of resource potential, as well as in the qualitative growth of incomes of peasant farms. The results of the study note the need to ensure consolidated interaction between state institutions, the business community and regional society.
The article scientifically substantiates the development of a cluster-network cooperation mechanism as one of the effective ways to implement innovative projects for the production of ultrafine mineral fertilizers. The authors identified factors that negatively affect innovative processes in the implementation of national technical policy. The analysis of the transition to the sixth technological structure associated with the development of digital, nano- and bioengineering technologies revealed a sharp reduction in the number of developed nanotechnologies in the Russian Federation. One of the priority areas of developed nanotechnology for the national economy is the use of micro- and nano-fertilizers, which contributes to increasing soil fertility and increasing the biological productivity of agricultural crops. To stimulate investment activity, it is necessary to create and implement an effective mechanism of state policy, implemented through various forms of cluster-network cooperation. The author's model of the mechanism of cluster-network cooperation in the implementation of innovative projects for the production of mineral fertilizers has been developed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the scientific justification of the mechanism of cluster-network cooperation in the implementation of innovative projects for the creation of ultrafine mineral fertilizers, which will help accelerate the commercialization of innovations, increase the effectiveness of government programs to support agriculture, create new opportunities for the development of industry science and institutions carrying out scientific experiments, support the modernization and updating of the technologies used, create relevant training programs for industry specialists. The author's recommendations presented in the article will be useful to state authorities supporting agricultural production, farmers introducing innovative products, heads of research institutes, heads of investment funds within the framework of cluster-network cooperation.
The projects developed by the Government of the Russian Federation to support producers in various sectors of the national economy determine the strategic course for the development of its economy – shifting the emphasis from regulating demand for goods to stimulating their supply. Setting such a task implies searching for new opportunities to increase the quantity and quality of manufactured products. A potential solution is seen in the introduction of advanced innovations in such areas of production activities of economic entities that will allow them to obtain the highest result at optimal costs. Potato growing is quite promising in the agricultural sector of Russia, as it creates a socially significant product that is an integral part of the population’s nutrition system. In some regions of the country, self-sufficiency in potatoes is still below the threshold value of the Food Security Doctrine. One of the reasons is that its production is concentrated mainly in households that cannot create the conditions necessary to attract effective innovations. In the work, using the method of correlation analysis, it was determined that the yield of potatoes in large agricultural organizations is mainly affected by the costs of purchasing seeds, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and maintaining fixed assets. These results made it possible to substantiate the directions of development of potato growing based on innovations (implementation of variety change, introduction of resource-saving technology, use of new-generation fungicides, construction of irrigation systems, organization of product storage), using the example of specific producers in the Saratov Region to conduct their economic assessment. It was revealed that the expenses of enterprises will increase to the greatest extent during variety change (by 56.4%), to the least extent - during replacement of chemicals (by 3.6%). The implementation of the proposed measures for farms in a complex will allow, with an increase in their total costs by 60.7 million rubles. increase potato yield by 46.8 thousand centners (or 34.5%), profit by 48.4 million rubles, and the sub-sector profitability level by 15.11 percentage points.
The financial and investment policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage is aimed at solving complex problems related to the economic development of the country. The complexity and relevance of solving these problems is increasing in the face of global challenges associated with the application of economic sanctions to Russian companies and increased geopolitical tensions. Leasing is one of the important tools for stimulating economic growth and development. The object of the study is leasing relations in the small business system, respectively; the subject of the study is the mechanisms and tools for implementing leasing in small businesses, as well as their impact on investment activity in the Republic of Kalmykia. The goal is to analyze the leasing services market, identify problems and consider prospects. The study used systems, economic, and benchmarking analysis methods, as well as generalization and logical modeling methods. The article presents the results of the analysis of the development of entrepreneurial activity in one of the subjects of the Southern Federal District - the Republic of Kalmykia. The leasing market of Kalmykia is represented mainly by federal companies with regional offices. Agricultural machinery and equipment is the most common subject of leasing. The analysis made it possible to identify such key problems characteristic of the leasing services market in the Republic of Kalmykia as low availability, high rates, insufficient awareness of entrepreneurs about leasing opportunities, etc. In order for the leasing services market to develop effectively, government support is needed in the form of subsidies or partial reimbursement of the cost of obtaining property on lease, as well as the provision of a soft loan used to partially pay the advance payment.
The article analyzes the fish industry in Russia as a complex and dynamically developing sector of the economy with significant food security implications. The main objective is to provide the population with high-quality products. The study examines the obstacles to the sector's development and analyzes fish production and consumption in the country. Using statistical analysis and surveys, the research shows that in 2023, the average fish consumption per capita is 22 kg, which corresponds to 78.5% of the recommended norms by the Ministry of Health of Russia. Significant regional differences are noted: in northern regions, consumption reaches 40 kg, while in central regions, it is only 10-12 kg. Notably, about 40% of the population does not consume fish, and many are unaware of its benefits as a source of omega-3 fatty acids. The authors emphasize the need to increase the availability of fish products and offer recommendations for improving logistics, creating educational programs, and implementing innovative practices in aquaculture. The role of government policy in ensuring food security is also highlighted. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of fisheries and food security.
Conducting research aimed at improving the efficiency of livestock sub-sectors in modern economic conditions requires the use of a systematic approach from the standpoint of both ensuring food security of the country and improving the financial and economic situation of agribusiness entities. Analysis of the current state of technological development of livestock farming showed that a significant part of production processes is carried out using foreign means of production and consumables. The current situation creates increasing risks of reducing the sustainability of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy in various negative external geopolitical factors and threatens the increase in the volume of finished goods production and the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine, and requires the implementation of a set of measures aimed at increasing the level of technical and technological sovereignty. Based on the analysis, the article establishes the main trends in the technological and economic development of the industry, the level of dependence on the import of production resources and technologies. The role of technological modernization of animal husbandry and intensification of production in the implementation of the import substitution program and increasing the production of animal food products is shown. The transfer of new technologies and design solutions allowed significantly improving the key indicators of technological development of the industry during the implementation of the import substitution program. For 2013-2023. The average daily gains in growing and fattening pigs increased by 11.1% to 560 g, the average live weight of one head of pigs increased by 13.2% to 120 kg, while reducing feed costs by 15.7%. In agricultural organizations, the annual milk yield per cow for the same period increased by 75.1% to 7911 kg, and feed consumption for the production of 1 center of milk decreased by 20.0% to 0.88 centers of feed units. The results of the analysis made it possible to propose priority measures and mechanisms to reduce the technological import dependence of the industry.