Retail food markets remain the main channels of food sales to domestic consumers. This article presents the results of research and typologization of local retail markets on the example of administrative units (districts) of six regions of the Volga Federal District. Three groups of districts were allocated for each subject of the Volga Federal District, depending on the level of retail trade development. A preliminary analysis of the factors of retail trade development by the method of expert evaluation is carried out. The choice of the regions of the Volga Federal District (hereinafter referred to as the Volga Federal District) as objects of research is due to the fact that this territory has become an active participant in escort food operations within the framework of the strategy of socio-economic development of Russia until 2030, which determines the need to solve the tasks set in the July Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On National development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” In the context of the development of export activities, management bodies need to ensure the balanced development of the internal markets of the regions and administrative districts of the Volga Federal District. The analysis of retail trade will help to identify areas with a low level of its development and facilitate the adoption of targeted measures by government authorities. The Volga Federal District borders the Southern, Central, North-Western and Ural Federal Districts and Kazakhstan. The share of the district's GDP in the all-Russian indicator exceeds 15%. In 2023, the population of the Volga Federal District was 21.3% of the population of the whole of Russia, the share of the rural population of the Volga Federal District was 27.3%.
Agriculture is one of the most socially significant sectors of the Russian economy, the level of development and efficiency of which depends on the country's food security. Despite the fact that the unprecedented scale of sectoral and individual sanctions has less affected agriculture, restrictions on other sectors of the Russian economy pose risks for the dynamic development of the agricultural sector. Russia's food security presupposes a sustainable food supply for the population and is the most important key to strengthening its national sovereignty. The current Doctrine of Food Security of the country, one of its main indicators, defines the food independence of the country and regions, characterized by the degree of compliance with the thresholds for the ratio of domestic agricultural production and food production and the volume of their main types of domestic consumption, as well as food sustainability. The close essential relationship of these concepts informatively expands the multidimensional nature of the study of this problem not only from the point of view of assessing the current situation, but also the development of predictive values of their most important characteristics. Considering that agricultural production is directly (or indirectly) related to each of these categories, the study was conducted on the materials of the agricultural region, which is the North Caucasus Federal District (North Caucasus Federal District).The study made it possible to characterize the state and dynamics of the economic results of agribusiness subjects in the context of the consequences of sanctions; assess the differentiation of the levels of food security of the subjects of the region and the food supply of their population; economic availability of basic food products for the population; develop a forecast of food security in the region and prospects for agro export for the main types of agricultural products for the period up to 2030; Identify priority areas for the development of the agricultural sector in terms of ensuring food security in the region and the country as a whole.
The article analyzes the leading aspects of managing the development of the agricultural sector in the Krasnodar region and presents proposals for its improvement. The article examines mechanisms and tools of agricultural policy at the regional level. The results of state programs ensuring the development of agriculture in the Krasnodar region are provided. Agriculture and the agro-industrial complex based on it play a key role in the economic development of the region under consideration, which is one of the leading producers of agricultural products in Russia. Moreover, almost half of the working-age population in the region is employed in agriculture. The diversity of the agricultural sector largely determines the economic characteristics of regional development. Agriculture, as an economic sector, has its peculiarities, such as relative independence from organization methods, management forms, and the current economic system. In the context of the modern competitive economy, the global market, and anti-Russian sanctions, insufficient state support for the agricultural sector can lead to long-term negative consequences in the area of reducing food security levels. A reduction in labor resources in agricultural organizations predetermines the problem of unemployment growth in rural areas of the region and negatively affects the social and reproductive component of human capital, as well as investment attractiveness. The methodological basis of the research was concepts in the field of agricultural economics, as well as legislative and regulatory acts regulating the activities of peasant (farm) and personal subsidiary farms, program-target documents for the development of the agricultural industry. The proposals developed in the article are aimed at improving the regional management system for the development of agriculture in the Krasnodar region, which contributes to increasing crop yields, improving the quality of products in crop and livestock production, and ensuring food sovereignty.
The article evaluates the relationship between digitalization level and efficiency indicators of dairy farming – production and economic. Farm profiles with different digitalization levels are based on data from dairy enterprises of the Leningrad region. Digitalization level is set by the number of digital technologies implemented to monitor and control the health and physiological condition of cows. The empirical data show that the economic performance of milk producers and the digitalization level have a positive relationship: profits and profitability consistently increased when moving from one group of farms different in digitalization level to another. The impact of the number of digital technologies implemented on efficiency indicators, especially on cow yield and labor productivity, is non-linear. That is, the effects of digitalization depended on the number of technologies implemented, but were most noticeable in the transition from "zero" to "first" level of digitalization. As the number of digital technologies continued to increase, economic efficiency grew, but at a markedly lower rate, while production efficiency remained virtually unchanged. It shows a weak correlation between the digitalization level of enterprises and the current subsidies level. This can be explained by the focus of state support mainly on the indicator of milk production growth, as well as, probably, by the current time lags of state support impact. The evolutionary nature of the process of technological modernization is defined, in which digitalization seems to be the next relevant stage. It shows the barriers to such development for farms with "zero" digitalization, associated, among other things, with the manifestation of negative economies of scale. The article discusses the existing support measures for digitalization at the level of agricultural producers and their possible adjustments to facilitate a more active implementation of digital technology. The results confirm the current focus of industry players on digitalization to improve the sustainability and profitability of milk production.
The article analyzes the features of the development of dairy cattle breeding in the regions of the Non-black earth region of Russia. The analysis of changes from 2007 to 2021 in the volume of milk production, the number of cows, acreage, including fodder crops, and other production indicators in the municipal districts of four regions of the Non-black earth region of Russia, three of which belong to the Northwestern Federal District - Leningrad, Vologda, Novgorod region and one to the Central Federal District - Yaroslavl region. The increased differentiation of the development of dairy farming between regions and municipal districts was revealed with the beginning of the implementation of the Priority National Project for the Development of Agriculture in 2006-2007 and State programs for the development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. Priority state support for the implementation of large projects, ensuring the growth of dairy productivity and gross milk production, has increased the differences in the level of development of dairy farming between farms, municipal districts and regions. The main volumes of milk are produced in a limited number of municipal districts, agro-climatic, production and economic conditions in which allow for the implementation, with the support of the state, of large investment projects for the construction or modernization of dairy complexes with industrial conveyor-type technologies. The reduction in the number of cows and the volume of milk production in a significant part of the municipal districts of the Non-black earth region of Russia leads to a decrease in acreage, a decrease in the intensity of their use, and the withdrawal of arable land from agricultural turnover. Digital transformation of dairy farming, maximum adaptation of feed and milk production to local agro-climatic and production conditions, are able to ensure a competitive level of costs and product quality in the region of risky farming with a smaller scale of production units and enterprises.
The article systematizes the key factors that cause imbalances in the development of the modern system of strategic planning of the agricultural sector. The paper substantiates that the regions should take an active part in the formation of the key plan- a new document of the strategic planning system in agriculture – the State Program. It is established that the absence in the system of strategic planning documents of such an important intermediate link between State Programs of different levels as the regional scheme of the spatial organization of the industry does not allow to objectively assess the internal potential of individual territories in achieving national priorities. It is proved that poorly developed approaches to forecasting the parameters of the development of the agricultural sector in individual regions contribute to the reduction of target indicators of the development of the industry, slowing down the pace of its economic development. The frequent change of priority goals and objectives of the State Program leads to a change in the range of target indicators, their systematic non-fulfillment, transformation of the mechanism of state support. It is noted that regular changes in limits, deadlines and planned activities within the framework of the State Program, on the one hand, does not allow an objective assessment of the effectiveness of their application, on the other hand, complicates the development of plans for the long-term development of the agricultural sector of individual subjects of the Russian Federation when they are interconnected with the strategies of territorial and sectoral development of regions. The limited state support funds in the structure of the country's federal budget expenditures in the context of an inflationary increase in the general level of prices for energy, components, seeds, imported technologies hinders the solution of the complex of long-term tasks of sustainable development of the agricultural sector. It is argued that the applied instruments of state regulation of the industry within the framework of the State Program do not meet the principles of consistency and continuity of use. This fact contradicts the methodology of the strategic planning system and seriously limits its development at the present stage.
The effectiveness of the measures and mechanisms used to regulate the processes in the sectors of the national economy involved in cross-border trade largely determines the effectiveness of its functioning. The main form of interstate interaction at the level of regional entities is currently the cross-border exchange of economic resources, the results of production activities, cooperation in the implementation of social and infrastructure projects. One of the conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the state policy of regional development in the Russian Federation, in our opinion, may also be the development of a set of measures, aimed at the theoretical justification and practical implementation of programs to intensify the processes of unification of border areas into cross-border entities, to the extent that the current foreign policy environment allows it. The purpose of this study is to develop a mechanism for regulating the national economy in cooperation with cross-border structures and associations. The scientific novelty of the research is the use of the matrix of cross-border interaction for the analyzing the scenario of economic development of interacting regions, identifying competitive advantages of the regions of neighboring countries in the fields of specialization based on the calculation of the coefficient of comparative advantages. An integral element of the institutional mechanism for regulating the national economy in the context of cross-border interaction can be a regression model for assessing the impact of key factors on the GRP of border regions.
The comment of the achieved results of the course of agrarian policy of the country directed to increase in value terms of volumes of production of agriculture by 10 times, growth of its deliveries abroad by 16.5 times chosen at the beginning of the 2000th as the leadership of the Russian Federation is presented in article. It is noted that in commodity structure of export of food of Russia the primary share is occupied by cereals (30%), mostly wheat which harvests differ in record-breaking high rates now. However, the complete saturation of the domestic market with grain in conditions of instability of wholesale prices causes the problem of its implementation in the future. A rational exit from the developing problem situation seems in gradual leaving from raw model of agroexport to formation of industrial and technological type of functioning of economy of the state assuming modernization of processing industries, in particular in the sphere of its grain farm. In work it is noted that in the conditions of restructuring of the agrarian sphere of Russia the perspective direction of improvement of its production activity is education within the operating enterprises of the new shops and divisions necessary for implementation of further processing of ready raw materials. On the example of the branch market of the Saratov region it is established that among foreign consumers of goods of its agrarian and industrial complex products of a repier of cereal cultures are in demand. Proceeding from it, the approaches to target investment subsidizing of producers of wheat and a rye including granting budgetary appropriations (of 25%) on compensation of a part of the direct incurred costs of creation and modernization of objects of agrarian and industrial complex (purchase of machines and the equipment) for a complete set of shops on primary processing of grain in the large organizations of the region are offered. 14 economic entities of area, realization of the offered actions in which will allow to increase value of their cumulative net profit in general by 794 million rubles, were chosen as method of statistical group of data.
The strategy of fisheries complex development is based on the concentration of efforts to improve the system of sectoral management in such areas as modernization and innovation, stimulating the active introduction of new organizational and economic forms and management methods. A new approach to the development of industry policy through the formation of a locally integrated innovation market is substantiated. This is what makes it possible to ensure the growth of economic indicators of development. It also takes into account the positive experience of creating and applying a number of organizational forms in industrial policy, their adaptation not just to sectoral management, but to the management of an economic complex characterized by multi-vector development. In the order of project support for the implementation of national goals, it is necessary to consider the calculation of the multiplicative effect of the fisheries complex and the development of economic and legal sectoral recommendations for the construction of innovative models of special investment contracts. At the same time, attention should be paid to the possibility of applying fisheries legislation stimulating investment activity and to study the feasibility of other forms of stimulating investment cycles – corporate public private partnership, industrial mortgage, as well as the mechanism of special economic zones, free markets and participation in interaction with partners in Eurasian Economic Cooperation and the CIS.
An essential task for Member-states of Eurasian Economic Union is to develop a competitive and sustainable fruit and vegetable sector which is align with the needs of the domestic demand. Despite the dynamic development of crop production as a sub-sector,, its current scale of gross yield is not enough to fulfill the demand of fruits and vegetables in the frame of EAEU. The article contains comparative analysis of production and trade data of fruits and vegetables in the world and in the Member-states of the EAEU. Most of the fruits and berries in the EAEU are grown in Russia and Belarus, vegetables – in Russia and Kazakhstan. It is noted that the proportion of fruits and vegetables purchased from foreign countries in the structure of agricultural imports is close to 30%. At the same time, the most significant growth of import is observed in the interseasonal period due to the lack of modern storage facilities. Of particular interest is the analysis of development of fruit and vegetable industry thru implementation of the measures of integrational policy at the Union level. The article contains both: assessments of deterrence factors as well as proposals for strengthening cooperation between the Member-states in the field of vegetable and fruit growing, including the introduction of high-yield varieties and hybrids developed in the EAEU, the implementation of joint projects, the advancement of cooperative ties among small-scale producers, the development of digital technologies, technical systems for fruit and vegetable storage, the use of ecological farming methods, and others.