Improving the Efficiency of Perennial Grass Fodder Production in the Non-Black Earth Region of Russia through the Use of Digital Technologies

Issue № 8, 2022, article № 7, pages 60-70

Language: Russian

Original language title: ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КОРМОВ ИЗ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ТРАВ В НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЕ РОССИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ОСВОЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Keywords: NON-BLACK EARTH REGION, FEED PRODUCTION, PERENNIAL GRASSES, PRODUCTION RISKS, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, MILK PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY

Abstract: The article considers the significance and problems of development of dairy cattle and fodder production in the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation. The influence of the level of development of dairy cattle and fodder production from perennial grasses on the intensity of the use of arable land in the regions of Non-Black Earth was determined. Analysis of production and economic indicators of pilot farms in the Leningrad region confirmed the significant impact of the intensity of feed production on the efficiency of milk production. Insufficient realization of the advantage of dairy cows as ruminants to digest cheap voluminous fodder produced in the Non-Black Earth lands with low alternative cost reduces the efficiency of milk production and investment attractiveness of the industry, despite the high dairy productivity. Analysis of the cost structure of perennial grass fodder production revealed the problems of increasing the efficiency of their cultivation, timely reseeding using seeds of high quality, increasing the technical equipment of production, intensive use of mineral fertilizers and crop protection chemicals. Increased risks in agricultural production in the "zone of risky agriculture" cause the need to form in farms and regions of Non-Black Earth Region adaptive system of forage production, taking into account territorial and local agro-climatic, production-economic and environmental features, allowing the optimal realization of the effect of scale in dairy cattle husbandry. The proposed structure of the digital information-analytical system for planning and controlling the production of forages from perennial grasses for highly productive cows is designed to ensure the development and effective functioning of the adaptive system of forage production in regions with an acute shortage of personnel in rural areas, accumulating knowledge and experience, new requirements for quality forage for highly productive animals, local conditions, forecast and actual external environment parameters.

Authors: Surovtsev Vladimir Nikolaevich