Method of comparative economic assessment of breeds of cattle

Issue № 4, 2019, article № 7, pages 57-63

Language: Russian

Original language title: МЕТОДИКА СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ПОРОД КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

Keywords: LIVESTOCK ECONOMY, DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING, COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BREEDS, CATTLE

Abstract: One of the scientific and practical problems of the economy of animal husbandry is to conduct a comparative economic assessment of breeds of farm animals, including cattle, dairy cows. The need for such an assessment arises as at the stage of selection, when analyzing the performance of breeding work; and at the stage of making economic decisions, when enterprises choose the best breed of livestock, to ensure maximum efficiency of investment projects. At present, there is no generally accepted methodology and a single economic criterion for a comparative assessment of the economic efficiency of various breeds of agricultural animals. In the presented study, a set of initial indicators was formed, which form the basis of the criterial model. The indicators are grouped into four blocks depending on the content and sources of production: biological, economic, market and estimated. Biological - determine the characteristics of rocks, are formed according to scientific research, breeding descriptions, special observations. Economic indicators characterize the production result of the use of farm animals according to actual data in the studied region. Market indicators represent the prevailing market prices for milk, meat, heifers; are included in the assessment of the same for all breeds at the level of the average for the studied region. Estimates include the cost of heifers, the salvage value of the cow, the cost of the produced milk and calves, comparable costs per head per year. The main calculated indicator is a generalized economic criterion - comparable yield. Based on the materials and conditions of the Kostroma region, a comparative assessment of the Holstein, Kostroma, black-and-white, and Yaroslavl rocks was carried out. As a result, the estimates of the breed are ranked by decrease in economic efficiency as follows: Kostroma, black-and-white, Yaroslavl, Holstein. The study confirmed the efficiency of the technique, the possibility of its use for comparative economic evaluation of other cattle breeds in different regions. The prospect for further research is the development of methodological approaches to the assessment of breeds of other species of farm animals.

Authors: Sereda Nadezhda Aleksandrovna, Fadeeva Galina Vladimirovna, Liulko Grigorii Aleksandrovich