Global trends in livestock production: growth factors, structural shifts, and regional imbalances

Issue № 9, 2026, article № 16, pages 142-150

Section: ABROAD

Language: Russian

Original language title: ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЖИВОТНОВОДЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ: ФАКТОРЫ РОСТА, СТРУКТУРНЫЕ СДВИГИ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ДИСБАЛАНСЫ

Keywords: WORLD ECONOMY, PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, MEAT, MILK, EGGS, CLIMATIC AND GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES, CONSUMPTION, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Abstract: The aim of the work is to identify the dynamics, structural shifts and regional characteristics of the production of basic livestock products in the period from 2019 to 2023, as well as to assess the level of average per capita consumption in a number of countries in comparison with rational standards. Global meat production increased by 9.2% over the period under review, and milk production increased by 8.6%. Top five countries (China, USA, Brazil, India, Russia) accumulates more than 55% of the world's meat production and about 44% of milk. China is the absolute leader in all types of livestock products, providing almost twice as much meat production as the United States. In a number of countries (Germany, France, Ukraine, the USA, Belarus), there was a decline in production in certain positions caused by a combination of long-term structural problems (depopulation of the herd, rising costs, stricter regulation) and acute crisis events (avian flu epidemic, military operations, COVID-19 pandemic, logistical disruptions). The analysis of average per capita consumption (using the example of Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Germany and the USA) showed significant imbalances, in particular, overeating of meat in the USA (65% higher than the Russian rational norm) and underconsumption of milk in Russia and Azerbaijan. This indicates the varying degrees of physical and economic availability of food, as well as differences in dietary traditions. Significant potential, both worldwide and in Russia, lies in the possibilities of developing organic animal husbandry.

Authors: Dambaeva Irina ZHargalovna