The article is devoted to the issues of price regulation and price relations in the agro-industrial complex in the context of the development of import substitution and technological sovereignty of the country. It is necessary to ensure the financial stability of agricultural producers and expanded reproduction, which largely depend on balanced price relations in the agro-food market. The change in price proportions in one segment of the agro-industrial complex leads to a transformation of the price system throughout the agro-food chain. The article notes that currently the regulation of price relations in the agro-industrial complex is based on two legal acts that do not cover the range of emerging problems related to the formation of the price situation in the agro-food market. The analysis of the price situation showed that over the past five years, the price increase of agricultural producers amounted to 33%, while the prices of producers of industrial goods and services purchased by agricultural organizations increased by 42%, in the food industry – by 44%, and in the consumer market – by 45%. The authors estimated the cost of agricultural products according to the main elements of material costs, which occupy a significant share in the cost structure: mineral fertilizers, fuel, electricity, feed. Recently, there has been a significant increase in spending on these resources. As a result, there was an increase in cost, and producer prices did not compensate for their rise in price and did not provide the necessary level of profitability for the main types of products, which leads to an increase in the number of low-profit and unprofitable organizations. In this regard, the authors propose to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for regulating price relations in the agro-industrial complex and consolidate it with a legal act, and add a block with financial support to the State Program.
The article presents the forecast of the main types of agricultural products production in Russia in 2024, made in line with the methodology developed in Agrarian policy and Agro-industrial complex development department of FSBSI FRC VNIIESH. The main forecast indicators are: areas and agricultural crops yields, livestock and productivity of animals, gross production. As a result of agricultural crops yields analysis from 1980 years onwards, the multidirectional dynamics of yield changes by regions of Russia and types of crops has been established. Favorable years for one agricultural crop are not the same for other ones. In our research the basis for determining the year’s favorability degree was the yield of grain crops, covered over 22% of the gross agricultural output and about 40% of the gross crop production output. Within the framework of the grain yield conditions and production results (outcome of conditions and results), relative indicators of variation and average square deviations are calculated, which were used to predict yield deviations by outcome (favorable, average, unfavorable). A quantitative assessment (probability) of the outcomes occurrence in Russia and in the Russian Federation regions in terms of grain yields has been determined. According to our estimates, in 2024 we should expect the implementation of the average weather year with grain production in the amount of 147 million tons (68% probability), a favorable year - 160 million tons (15%), an unfavorable year - 106 million tons (18%).
The work is devoted to the development of an aggregate indicator for assessing the ESG rating in the Russian agroculture. The following are considered as variables describing the dynamics of development of the region's agroculture: x1 – agricultural products, x2 – sown areas of agricultural crops, x3 – number of enterprises and organizations, x4 – investments in fixed capital, x5 – cost of fixed assets; x6 – input of fixed assets. At the first step of the work, the author develops an aggregate indicator, called by the author A-ESG, the basis of which is multidimensional scaling with the subsequent construction of radar charts and calculation of the area of the resulting figures. At the next step of the work, the author analyzes the dynamics of the A-ESG indicator for the period from 2010 to 2021, as well as correlation and regression analysis of this indicator. At the last stage of the work, the author assesses the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in meeting the requirements for sustainable development of agroculture, based on the ranking of regions according to the developed aggregate indicator A-ESG.
The article discusses the problems of intensifying the implementation of artificial intelligence systems in agriculture. The scale of the challenges and problems associated with the implementation of these systems determines the need for support and the guiding role of the state. An analysis of the goals, objectives and final results of the activities of government bodies at various levels in the process of introducing artificial intelligence systems in agriculture is presented. The goals and objectives of introducing artificial intelligence systems into the industry at the federal, regional and municipal levels of management have been established. The final results and formalization of the process of introducing artificial intelligence into agriculture are highlighted. Arguments are given about the need to regulate the implementation of artificial intelligence systems in agriculture at various levels of government. Specific recommendations are given to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential negative consequences of the process of introducing these systems into the industry.
The article is devoted to the use of digital twins in crop management. In the context of the development of the sixth technological order, data is not just a by-product of business processes, but is considered as an independent valuable asset and is a catalyst for innovation, efficiency and competitive advantages in all industries. Agricultural production generates huge amounts of data, but not only the amount of data matters, but also the potential information that can be obtained from their analysis. Collecting data on crop health, soil moisture levels and other environmental factors provides valuable information to improve the efficiency of management decisions in agricultural processes. The economic feasibility of using agrodrons to increase yield efficiency when using information from maps obtained using agrodrons is justified. Features of the digital twin model using data from agrodrons are discussed, in which it is necessary to combine all available information into a single structure, including data obtained from agrodrons. The models embedded in the digital twin allow you to save and use not only environmental conditions and data from all kinds of sensors, but also information such as equipment operating parameters, inspection and maintenance data with regular access to information about the current state of the entire system. The difficulties and barriers to the introduction of digital twins in agriculture and their features of functioning are considered. The advantages of using digital twins in crop production are presented. It has been shown that the use of agrodrons allows creating digital twins of agricultural systems of large territorial sizes and increasing the efficiency of management in crop production.
The article is devoted to monitoring the processes of formation and use of human capital in rural areas. The progressive development of the agricultural sector of the economy is possible only with the formation of high-quality human capital, the development of which is possible only with the effective functioning and accessibility of social infrastructure facilities. The level of development of social infrastructure, such as healthcare, education, transport and communication infrastructure directly depends on the quality of human capital. Improved education in rural areas can lead to improved skills for farmers, the use of new technologies and farming methods, and improved resource management practices. This can increase productivity, reduce losses and increase agricultural incomes. In addition, the development of human capital can contribute to the improvement of related agricultural industries, such as processing and processing of agricultural products, which affects the development of rural areas in general. The article analyzes the interdependence of the formation of high-quality human capital on the level of development of social infrastructure facilities on the example of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District. The results of monitoring of social infrastructure facilities of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are presented. In addition, a correlation analysis of the relationship between indicators of agricultural development and rural areas was carried out.
The provision of livestock production in full with high-quality balanced feed largely determines the final results of the agricultural sector, acts as a guarantee of sustainable development of rural areas, contributes to the fulfillment of tasks to increase the volume of livestock production set out in state programs and national doctrines. This article presents the results of a comprehensive author's study of certain aspects of the problem of effective development of animal husbandry in enterprises of the agricultural sector; monitoring the level of provision of the industry with feed. With the help of economic and statistical methods, an assessment is given of the degree of influence of the volumes of harvested succulent fodder for the stall period, namely silage and haylage, on the effectiveness of animal husbandry in agricultural organizations of the Saratov region through a system of indicators: dynamics, variations, intensity. A stochastic (regression) model is proposed for the dependence of the industry's performance indicators (productivity, cost recovery, volume of marketable products) on the level of production of silage and haylage per 1 conditional head. The indicators characterizing the conditions and results of the production of these feeds are presented both in the whole region and in the context of existing natural and climatic microzones; the classification of municipalities of the region according to the level of cost recovery in animal husbandry is performed. The problematic aspects of effective animal husbandry management in the context of individual territories are identified, a number of aspects that can influence the adoption of an objective decision on the need for production and efficient use of silage and hay are identified
An important direction for the rational development of the oil and fat subcomplex in the context of the formation of the sanctioned food market is the rationalization of production plans for integrated enterprises in the food subcomplex in order to effectively regulate interindustry proportions and consumption of final products. Analysis of the achieved results of functioning of the oil and fat subcomplex of the Saratov region over a long period became a prerequisite for the formation of a cluster-forming organizational structure. Calculation of the future production volumes of commercial sunflower by agricultural enterprises made it possible to plan for the future the percentage of utilization of regional production capacities of large oil extraction enterprises, which amounted to 52.35% of the maximum. They included Rusagro-Atkarksk LLC, Rusagro-Balakovo LLC, Rusagro-Saratov LLC, Agrofirma LLC and Agro-Plus LLC of the Volsky district, and Tovarnoe Khozyaystvo LLC of the Marksovsky district. The first and second blocks of the aggregated model present a methodology for selecting raw material zones of the oil and fat subcomplex cluster, which will determine the most promising microzones according to the “degree of reliability”. The data obtained will serve as the basis for calculating, using a simplex or evolutionary method, an economic-mathematical model for determining the optimal production volume for each municipal entity under study, in order to achieve the maximum amount of profit from the production and sale of sunflower oilseeds and planning for increasing production potential at the expense of one’s own resources. The actual production of sunflower oil in 2021 amounted to 7953306.4 c. which, according to the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Saratov Region, amounted to 75.6% of the level of use of the average annual capacity of organizations for the production of processed agricultural products. Consequently, the estimated maximum production volume reaches 10520246.6 c. per year in the amount of the enterprises studied. The third block, the final one, includes the rationalization of the utilization of processing facilities, with the further goal of detecting (identifying) the “optimal zone” of the dependence of marginal costs on the size of finished product output and optimizing sales in accordance with the supply price of trading platforms with the ultimate mission of making the best management decision to obtain maximum profit in conditions of uncertain market conditions.
The article discusses current issues of analysis of the current state, prospects for the development of industrial horticulture and apple production. The presented statistical figures indicate an increase in self-sufficiency in Russian apples over 69%. This fact was the basis for studying the needs for increasing product supply on the apple market in Russia in general, and in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District in particular. The authors examine the actual indicators of production and sales of fruits and apples in Russian regions. The modern system of measures of state support for industrial horticulture at the federal level is considered: preferential short-term and investment lending; preferential lending for agricultural consumer cooperatives; preferential leasing, etc. Regions with the optimal level of government financial investments in the development of industrial production of fruits and apples have been identified, one of which is the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The role of budgetary financing of the industry is determined, including the choice of investor funds for planting apple trees using the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The volumes of planned planting of apple orchards in 2023–2024 have been studied. in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The dynamics of the expected increase in apple production in the region in the long term are considered. An assessment of the apple procurement system in terms of customer specialization is given. The logistics chains for the sale of apples in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic are considered. A system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of budget expenditures for the development of industrial horticulture in the Russian agro-industrial complex has been developed.
The research is aimed at studying the impact of the state and use of agricultural land on ensuring food security in the region through balanced and sustainable development of agricultural production while maintaining and increasing soil fertility of agricultural lands. The main attention is paid to the study of approaches to the typologization of the territory depending on natural, climatic and territorial features. As a result of the study, a mapping method was used, which allowed us to identify the relationship between unfavorable territories for agricultural production and unused agricultural lands, the food balance, and the number of agricultural organizations. Based on the above, the author's approach to classifying regions according to the level of food balance was proposed, which included eight types of regions. The classification is based on such parameters as the food balance, the level of production, the share of exports and imports. The results of the study showed that the donor regions have a positive food balance, are leaders in the production of agricultural products, carry out interregional exchange at the expense of their own surpluses and insignificant import attraction. Self-sufficient regions with a positive food balance, meet their needs through their own production and do not carry out interregional exchange. Recipient regions have a negative food balance, can be leaders in production and carry out interregional exchange by attracting imports. Within the framework of this study, the proposed approach allows us to visualize real and hypothetical changes in indicators in three main areas: production, distribution and consumption, as well as to identify producing regions in the country – donor regions and consuming regions of increased attention - recipient regions. As a result, the characteristic of regions by type of food balance formed the basis for the general classification of regions depending on natural and climatic features. Thus, seven classes were identified: megacities, regions located in the zone of influence of megacities, urbanized regions, regions with a high proportion of rural population, northern regions, mountainous regions, arid regions.