The problem of ensuring a balance between food production and consumption at the level of rational standards is becoming controversial. The growth in the output of domestic products is accompanied to a greater extent by an increase in exports and to a lesser extent by an increase in domestic consumption. In solving the problem, the purchasing power of the population's income is of fundamental importance. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic parameters of the purchasing power of the population’s income, ensuring the formation of economic accessibility for the main types of products to the level of rational consumption standards. To assess the level of development of economic accessibility, an indicator is used that characterizes the ratio of the level of consumption per capita with rational standards for each type of product. In the process of studying the analytical relationship between purchasing power and economic accessibility, the natural and economic conditions of the territories were taken into account. As a result of the study, logarithmic equations were obtained that describe the formation of economic accessibility from price (ratio of household income and purchase prices of products, share of consumption expenditures) and territorial (natural and economic conditions) factors. An assessment of the elasticity coefficients of the models shows that economic accessibility for the main types of products will change in the same direction as purchasing power. A simultaneous increase in prices and incomes of the population (as this usually happens) will reduce the economic availability of products, the availability of which, other things being equal (personal income, purchase prices), will be higher in territories with more favorable natural and economic factors. Through analytical transformations of the models, the “desired” parameters of purchasing power are determined, helping to ensure the economic accessibility of products. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the provisions of the theory of the law of demand in the agri-food market are supplemented with knowledge about the optimal proportions of population income and product purchase prices when forming economic accessibility, taking into account the territorial factor. Scientific developments are useful to participants in strategic planning of the agro-industrial complex as tools to support decision-making at the goal-setting stage.
In the study, based on the study of domestic and foreign experience, an analysis of the state of rural social and industrial infrastructure, the activities of small businesses in the field of agriculture, the prospects for achieving sustainable development, the effectiveness of growing crops, food security components as a necessary condition for ensuring national security was carried out. Food security is based on a special state of socio-economic development, which ensures the food independence of the territory, the ability of the territory to self-supply agricultural products to the population living on it. Thus, food security is one of the most important components of sustainable rural development, a factor in the viability of agriculture (rural areas). Attention is focused on the serious obstacle to the preservation of agriculture (rural areas) – manifestations of persistence – technological backwardness of existing enterprises, the need to introduce processes aimed at creating new industries – the results of research and innovation activities; the importance of the environmental component of sustainable rural development, since agriculture around the world is faced with serious practices of improper waste management their activities. Since the viability of the territory is ensured by the integration of three components of sustainable development of the territory (social equality, ecological balance, economic stability), and food security is closely related to the level of socio-economic development of the territory, the effect of «persistence» will also manifest itself through factors that hinder food security. The purpose of the article is to interpret the phenomenon of «persistence» in relation to the viability of rural areas, in particular to the ability of territories to ensure food security. The prospects for ensuring the viability of the territory and achieving sustainable development of the territory are determined not only by the targeted impact of management entities, but also depend on the degree of «compatibility» and the applicability of reforms to territories. The author's concept of interpreting the phenomenon of «persistence» in relation to the socio-economic development of territories is proposed in order to reflect the phenomenon in which the territory that has undergone reform retains its socio-economic characteristics and properties for a long time: when making any changes to the structure of the territory, they retain «in memory» all their previous states and access to these states have components and constituents of this territory. A transformed view of the achieved level of sustainable development is presented, taking into account the effect of persistence, based on the calculation of levels: economic stability, ecological equilibrium, social equality, institutionalism and the political system.
The economy of the North Caucasus Federal District is characterized by agro-industrial specialization and has a fairly high potential for agricultural production, but for a number of reasons the district does not become self-sufficient in providing the population with food products of its own production at the level of rational consumption standards. The main reasons are the low level of functioning of the regional food market, low incomes of the population, which does not allow meeting the needs for food (if they are physically accessible), and an insufficient level of economic accessibility. These and other shortcomings lead to structural changes in the balance of import-export of relevant products towards import and saturation of local markets with food from other areas and regions. In the district itself, the export of low-processed agricultural products and the import of highly processed food products predominate, which confirms the low level of development of processing industries. The purpose of the article is to determine the state of the food market and its role in providing the region with food, to establish the level of self-sufficiency of the regions of the district with food products and to study the possibility of developing interregional connections. The regions of the district differ in different parameters; not all of them can provide themselves with the necessary set of basic food products. In these conditions, it is important to establish mutually beneficial regional ties that will make it possible to fill the missing elements in the food supply and generally increase the level of food supply for the population of the region. The organization of interregional and intersectoral connections can be an important mechanism for regions that do not have the opportunity to attract public and private investment.
The article is devoted to the study of the current state of digital transformation processes in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia. Agriculture is a specific branch of the Russian economy, which is currently in particular need of innovative transformations and digitalization. This is due to the fact that, despite its pronounced social significance, this industry is dependent on a variety of factors, including not only natural and climatic, but also environmental, demographic, geopolitical and others. Moreover, many economic ties, varying in level of complexity and degree of intensity, unite numerous agricultural producers into a single sectoral system. However, business entities, as a rule, are noticeably dispersed throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, which makes it difficult to develop unified, equally effective management solutions for all farmers. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, to identify the features of the Russian agricultural sector that hinder the processes of digitalization, as well as to determine the prospects for the development of regional digital technologies using the example of one of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation - the Novgorod region. The region under study belongs to the zone of risky agriculture, and, therefore, is extremely interested in taking advantage of the introduction of digital tools into agro-industrial practice. Realizing the importance of the digital transformation of the agricultural sector, the priority regional project "Digital Agriculture" is being implemented in the Novgorod Region from 2022. The results obtained during the implementation of the project allowed the region to take a high position in the rating of the digital transformation of the agricultural sector. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the formation of an original approach to the development of methods for the comprehensive assessment of digital transformations in the agro-industrial complex, which allows to identify possible directions for the growth of economic and managerial efficiency of the functioning of agricultural industries in a new digital formation. The results of the study can be useful for the formation of regional agricultural development strategies and decision-making on improving the digital potential of the agro-industrial complex in the regions of Russia.
The general management system of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, mechanisms of interaction of institutional structures responsible for the implementation of the country's agrarian policy are studied in article. The functions of agrarian sector management bodies by levels of management are considered. The ratings developed by both domestic and international institutions have been studied in order to assess the modern system of public administration. В результате проводимых административных реформ изменился структурный и численный состав служащих, что сказывается на качестве и результатах работы сотрудников системы управления АПК. It is concluded that the existing management system of the domestic agro-industrial complex has a number of problems and shortcomings associated with the lack of scientifically-based methodological approaches to the development of methods, tools and mechanisms of state regulation of the agrarian sector of the country. The study of the current management system for the development of the agrarian structure of Russia has allowed us to identify the main reasons that hinder the effectiveness of functioning of state management bodies. The main ones include: the lack of a unified organizational and economic structure of agro-industrial complex management at all levels of government; duplication of certain functions between different departments and institutional structures; weak influence of public authorities on inter-sectoral relations, capable of smoothing significant disproportions of their interaction, slow reaction of public administration to the rapidly changing conditions of functioning of agro-business entities, etc.
There have been sharp price changes for many food products in the world and in Russia in recent years. The purpose of the paper is to find key features in the dynamics of prices for fish products in the Russian Federation in comparison with changes in prices for substitute goods. The research focuses on the prices of the main fish products – frozen, butchered and undivided fish and their substitutes – meat products. We study the dynamics of prices for these goods over the past quarter century in order to identify the links between prices for fish products and substitute goods, as well as to assess the impact of other factors on them. We use a relational approach and standard statistical research methods (variance analysis, correlation analysis, Granger test). The result of the work was the conclusion that there is a long-term trend towards a gradual decrease in price volatility. Although, in general, prices for fish products are more stable than prices for substitute goods, they are unstable to shock effects. This feature of prices for fish products is due to their strong dependence on the exchange rate of the ruble. This dependence is reinforced by factors such as the underdevelopment of the market infrastructure for the supply of fish products, weak diversification of fish processing, foreign trade restrictions, etc. It is the cause of sharp fluctuations in prices for fish products. The results obtained expand theoretical knowledge about the formation of prices for one of the basic types of food in the Russian Federation – fish products. They can be used as a scientific justification for the development of state and economic policy measures.
The article is devoted to the study of the tools of the functioning of the land lease market of the Republic Tatarstan, associated with the sale of land plots as part of state and municipal ownership. The role of the institution of lease in the system of turnover of land ownership is determined and the nature of supply and demand in terms of the inelasticity of these instruments within the framework of the functioning of the land market is identified.The state of the rental market segment of the republic for 2023 has been studied, which made it possible to determine the nature of supply and demand dependences on the value of the rental rate, followed by the formation of mathematical models that allow calculating the forecast value of required land areas in conjunction with the possibilities of supply, which is limited. Based on the developed mathematical models, the value of the rental rate is determined, which establishes a market equilibrium in terms of supply and demand in the rental market, identified not in quantitative terms of transactions performed, but in terms of the total value of the area of land involved in turnover. On the basis of the conducted research, the type of the land lease market and the nature of its work were determined, the forecast value of the rental rate, which determines the market equilibrium of supply and demand, was clarified, the intervals of the rental rate value were formed, characterizing the typical conditions of operations in the land market.
The relevance of the research is due to the allocation of project management activities as an effective management tool in various sectors of the economy, in education and government structures. The systematic implementation of project offices has proved the universality of project management principles, which are aimed at solving complex tasks in an unstable economic situation in the country and limited resources. The organization of project offices, as new transformative institutions, can contribute to the development of individual organizations and society as a whole. The following methods were used in the study: general scientific, sociological, systematic and comparative analysis. In order to achieve the goals and objectives of the study, priority directions for the development of the regional agro-industrial complex were systematized, the effective implementation of which is possible with the introduction of a project-oriented approach, namely, with the formation of a new development institution – the project office. The article presents a model for the formation of a project office at the regional level. The model proposed by the authors includes all stakeholders of the regional agro-industrial complex, these are Ministries and departments, a leading agricultural university and research institutes, municipal authorities and agricultural producers of all forms of ownership. To assess the expected institutional transformations, a sociological survey with a focus group was conducted, which allowed us to draw conclusions about the expected effectiveness of the implementation of project management. The authors assume that the effect of the introduction of a new project-oriented management will be not only economic in nature, but also social, which will be reflected in improving the skills of management personnel of enterprises, improving the standard of living of the rural population, updating the personnel potential of enterprises and others. The article identifies trends in the formation of priority areas at the regional level in the agro-industrial complex using project management.
In the context of global challenges, the introduction of measures of state regulation of financing of agro-industrial enterprises becomes relevant. The purpose of the study is to offer practical recommendations for the implementation of measures of state regulation of financing systemically important investment projects in the agricultural sector. The research methods used were an analysis of the industries for which grants were provided, as well as an analysis of the financial results of grant support activities. Priority areas for state regulation in the agro-industrial complex have been established. The principles of state support and stimulation of business entities are formulated, the importance of the development of digitalization in the agricultural sector and its impact on investment projects is proven. Specific recommendations are given on measures of state regulation of the financing of investment projects in the agro-industrial sector, the need to analyze specific conditions in the region and the needs of agro-industrial enterprises is proven. The scientific novelty lies in clarifying the directions for implementing state regulation measures for financing systemically important investment projects in the agro-industrial complex.
Despite the support measures taken by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the domestic light industry is experiencing a shortage of raw materials, and is dependent on the export of cotton yarn. In 2023, for the first time in the period under review, there was a reduction in acreage simultaneously for all bast crops, the number of federal districts and subjects of the federation cultivating flax, oilseed flax and technical hemp decreased. This led to a decrease in the gross harvest of flax fiber by 16%. The gross harvest of industrial hemp fiber increased by 14%, but this increase is due to a 34% increase in yield. The annual increase in prices for technological equipment in 2023-24 amounted to 10%. For the period from 2011 to 2024. the price of tattered flax has increased by more than 7 times, short by 5-6 times, hemp of the same type by no more than 1.5 times. The main problems hindering the development of the industry include: inefficiency of state support measures aimed at increasing the production of bast crops; subsidies for the cultivation of bast crops are aimed at preserving areas, rather than improving the quality of the final product, which leads to a shortage of raw materials for the production of textiles; 90% of enterprises for the primary processing of flax and 60% Hemp processing trusts have outdated equipment; lack of highly specialized personnel. Possible measures to solve them and prospects for development are considered.