The long-term absence of equivalent price relations in the agribusiness since the post-socialist economy, the establishment of valuable proportions between its industries and spheres, are still among the outstanding problems. Government price regulation did not ensure the necessary profitability and sustainable competitiveness of most organizations. Pricing in agribusiness remains a critical point affecting the interests of producers and consumers, wholesale and retailers, a mass of intermediaries, exporters and importers, which requires, in the long term, fair pricing across the agribusiness product chain. The established practice of pricing with significant display of indicators of socialist era and modern formation of non-equilibrium market prices on the basis of absence of competition without taking into account and justification of demand and supply, requires the development of a federal law on pricing. The legal approach to price relations is defined by article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, according to which the basis of price policy is developed in law, as the absence of equilibrium prices and imbalance of the price mechanism leads to mass-staff destructive consequences in the social and economic spheres of the state.
The article deals with the problem of activation of the investment process in agriculture. The main national development goals were formulated in the Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly dated March 1, 2018, including Russia becoming one of the five largest economies in the world, ensuring economic growth rates above the world average. In accordance with these goals, an action plan was approved to accelerate the growth rate of investment in fixed assets and increase to 25‰ of their share in gross domestic product by 2024. The article emphasizes that at present the share of investments in the structure of GDP is only 21‰. Investment share growth by almost 4 percentage points by 2024 means a significant change in the structure of expenditures in the economy: an increase in the savings rate of the population, an increase in investment activity for modernization and technological renewal. The authors note that the index of physical volume of investments in fixed assets in agriculture over the past 5 years amounted to only 3.3‰, which is not enough for technical and technological renewal and ensuring sustainable production growth. The authors emphasize that in order to expand the investment process in the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to increase production efficiency, improve prices and price relations, increase production stability, create competition in the agricultural lending market, and change the state monetary policy. Investment should be effective due to limited financial resources. To ensure production growth rates above the global average, it is necessary to introduce innovative developments into production and infrastructure. One of the priority areas for introducing technological innovations is the digitalization of agriculture.
Stimulating the development of the viticulture industry and ensuring import substitution are necessary, since Russia's share in the total volume of grape planting can be much larger. However, this industry, like any other branch of agriculture, is subject to risks that affect the economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises. The practice of agricultural insurance among the members of the profile Association indicates a small share occupied by planting perennial plantations of grapes (12‰), which indicates the need for the development of this direction. Considering viticulture as a potential industry for agricultural insurance, it is expedient to analyze the planned changes in the regulatory framework in this direction. Therefore, the article discusses the regulatory component of subsidizing the viticulture industry, as well as risk management issues in this area, analyzes new changes in Federal legislation, offers suggestions for improving agricultural insurance, proposes a comprehensive insurance program on the example of a particular industry in a particular region. Due to the fact that agricultural insurance with state support provides not only planting vineyards, but also their harvest, in this article it is proposed to consider the terms of insurance of the grape harvest. The developed program of grape crop insurance includes: conditions of state support (for all risks) with the use of a maximum deductible (50‰); conditions for commercial types of insurance (for hail) with a deductible of 10‰, which will allow the farmer to save on the insurance policy up to 72‰ in comparison with the full risk package program
The article analyzes the technical condition of domestic agriculture and the renewal trend of the machine and tractor fleet. The multidirectional characteristics of the availability and updating of the main types of agricultural machinery are determined. The subject of the study was the development of economic relations between agricultural enterprises and the industry of its technical support, as well as a system of government incentives aimed at intensifying this interaction. The article presents the theoretical justification and significance of inter-industry economic relations as a factor affecting the development of the national economy as a whole. The subject of research in inter-industry relations was the economic interconnection of the agricultural sector and other areas of the domestic economy in the process of technical modernization. The authors proposed a model of the system of economic relations in the process of technical support of the agricultural sector and determined the role of the state in solving this issue. According to the results of the study, 4 blocks of the development of economic relations of the agro-industrial complex with other sectors were identified in the framework of technical support for agricultural production. The results of state measures aimed at the technical modernization of agriculture are analyzed, the economic benefits of agricultural producers are revealed within the framework of the four blocks of economic relations considered. It was determined that state support for the technical re-equipment of agriculture at the federal level is provided through the engineering industry, the banking sector, and the state leasing company. The main studies were conducted on the example of the Rostov region, as one of the leaders in agricultural production in Russia, characterized by a high level of renewal of the machinery and tractor fleet of agriculture. The conclusions obtained as part of the work on this article can be used at macro- and mesoscale levels of state administration of technical support for the agricultural sector in the system of development of intersectoral economic relations.
The study deals with practical examples of the relationship between technology management and other subsystems in a single enterprise management system: cost and business result management systems, production processes, divisions, personnel. Each direction is described on the basis of the action of certain control elements, such as targeting, planning, regulation, organization, coordination, motivation and control. It has been concluded that technology management is at the forefront of the enterprise management system. The efficiency of an enterprise is largely determined by establishing active relationships between the different management subsystems in order to communicate the individual objectives of each subsystem with those of the organization. On the basis of the conclusions, proposals were formulated for large agricultural enterprises: granting the heads of structural subdivisions joint powers, multilateral responsibilities and responsibilities; Enterprise technology should be adapted to market and local conditions; Give units a degree of autonomy and responsibility to meet technology requirements.
The article is devoted to the theory and practice of forming a system of relations in the agro industrial complex, their study and modeling. In modern difficult socio-economic conditions, it is necessary to identify trends and directions of the strategic development of the agro-industrial complex, highlighting the most significant of them. Since the agro-industrial complex is a weakly structured not only economic, but also a social system, to analyze the processes and phenomena occurring in it, there are not enough generally accepted standard methods of cognition. It is necessary, along with economic-mathematical and other scientific methods, to apply the cognitive approach. For these purposes, it is proposed to build cognitive models and schemes with the definition of directions and types of relationships that are developing directly in the agro-industrial complex, as well as with other structures that interact with it: government, research, financial, other. In Addition, it is advisable to take into account that the system of relations is not limited to relations between subjects, but also includes the relations of subjects to objects of ownership, labour resources, and the results of labour throughout the chain: production, distribution, exchange and consumption of tangible and intangible good in the AIC system. Further it is necessary to highlight the most important areas of relationship formation, modeling them both expertly and using assessment indicators to identify the weakest elements of the system and developing adjustment methods, thus ensuring the prospective development of the agro-industrial complex.
In the article, the author identified problems and prospects for the creation of high-tech dairy processing enterprises at various stages of economic development of the region, in terms of the need to finance them, both at the regional and federal levels, taking into account public-private partnership. Today, in the context of the crisis, the development of the agro-industrial complex depended to a large extent on State support. At the same time, state support for dairy processing facilities is practically not provided, and dairy processing enterprises fully carry out their production and financial activities without state financing and are forced to seek an investor independently, attract "from outside" taking into account changing factors of the external environment at various stages of economic development of the region.
Animal husbandry is one of the labour-intensive industries that provides not only food, but is the main source of raw materials for the processing industry. The prospects for its development are largely determined by the state of the material and technical base. The current state of the industry shows that it needs radical modernization, which can be carried out on the basis of new knowledge and scientific achievements of domestic and world science and practice. Without such measures and actions, improving production efficiency and addressing food security issues are problematic. Currently, the use of information and digital technologies in agricultural production is becoming relevant. Agriculture itself is a nature-dependent and conservative industry, but this does not mean that it is impossible to use digital technologies in the industry. Practice shows that enterprises that use such technologies quickly achieve success, which becomes long-term. Now the industry is only at the beginning and further development of agriculture, including livestock, without information and digital technologies is impossible. The article on the example of a separate peasant farm shows what results can be achieved and what prospects are associated with the use of information and digital technologies. At the same time, the further development of the industry largely depends on state support, protection of the domestic market from imported products, and the implementation of protectionist policies. These measures are needed now to consolidate and consolidate the recent achievements. The article shows what role the initial support of the state for private initiative can play through cooperation on the basis of public-private partnership.
Abnormal weather conditions in the form of excess moisture have led to a decrease in the volume of coarse feed harvesting in a number of regions of Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the amount of lost income on the example of enterprises of the Republic of Komi, and to develop the methodology of its calculation. The proposed methodology provides a real assessment of the threat of income loss, allows developing and applying measures of additional support for agricultural enterprises and peasant-farm farms. The calculation is based on the average annual data on the production of coarse fodders by enterprises in the region. Reduction of production volumes and reduction of feed quality lead to loss of income, which does not allow carrying out extended reproduction. Lack of timely state support leads to reduction of livestock and jobs, limitation of investment opportunities of enterprises. Therefore, when justifying the amount of lost income, it is necessary to take into account the specialization of farms and the established level of prices for their products.
To forecast midterm possibilities of increasing agricultural production due to the involvement of unused arable land in agricultural production, authors studied changes in the volume of land resources involved in this production from 1990 to 2017. Special attention was paid to regional aspects. To determine the potential increase in agricultural production, the usability indicators for land use in agriculture were taken as the basis. As a result, assumptions were made about the possible directions of the development of agricultural land use at the regional level with the implementation of the extensive method of farming throughout the country and the involvement of unused arable land into agricultural production with the current intensity of agricultural technologies. The calculations show that in general in the Russian Federation, the use of the available land potential through the involvement of old arable lands in agricultural production, preserving the current ratio of the crop and livestock industries, the structure of cultivated areas and the level of management, may increase agricultural production by 30‰. In regions with favourable agro-climatic conditions, growth might be up to 12‰. In regions with low agro-climatic potential and located far from large markets for agricultural products, agricultural production can be increased many fold, 2-3 times or more. A group of regions with 30‰ or more of the highly productive lands of the first and second class has the potential to increase the production of crop and livestock by 35-55‰. Moreover, regions with a large proportion of valuable productive lands of 1-4 classes are able to increase production by 30-80‰.