The Siberian Federal district (SFD) is a major producer of grain and grain products in Russia. On average, 14.8 million tons of grain was grown annually in the region in 2015-2019. Having a long border with neighboring States, the share of the SFD in Russia's grain exports is only 2.4‰, which indicates the remoteness of the region from the main markets and the unrealized cross-border potential of the SFD. The article analyzes the main trends and problems in the development of the grain complex and the export of grain and grain products of the district. Country and product specifics of Siberian grain and grain products export are studied. The purpose of the study is to determine the most significant tasks and directions for the development of the grain complex of the SFD and to strengthen its export orientation in the future. The agro-resource potential of the territory allows increasing grain production to 21 million tons in order to fully meet the internal needs of the region, taking into account the development of livestock, as well as increasing the volume of grain exports to 3.1 million tons. The key tasks are to increase the gross harvest and improve the quality of grain, expand domestic consumption of feed grain, develop deep processing of grain and expand markets for products, develop the market and transport and logistics infrastructure of the grain market. Priority measures for the development of the grain industry and the grain market have been identified: the development of specialized zones for commodity production of certain types of grain products; the reorientation of grain exports to the export of flour and other grain products with high added value; creating a single Siberian grain company to promote Siberian grain and grain products to foreign markets; establishing partnerships with importing countries in East and South-East Asia, ensuring that Siberian grain is delivered in the required volumes at mutually beneficial prices and attracting foreign investment in the development of grain and transport and logistics complexes.
The transition of the agro-industrial complex to an export-oriented model of development was updating the task of identifying factors that could lead to an increase in food supplies to foreign markets. This study presents the results of a quantitative assessment of the influence of factors on the revenue of agricultural producers related to exports. The analysis in the interim aspect affects the period 2000-2018, during which export potential was formed and there was an explosive increase in supplies to foreign markets, and in the subject area - the export of wheat, sunflower seeds, soybeans and their processed products, which in this period amounted to about 80‰ of Russian agricultural exports. The main method of research is an integrated factor analysis of the functional model of estimated revenue from the sale of export-oriented products. The article establishes the need to take into account the low base in the analysis of the dynamics of individual products: sunflower since 2000, wheat since 2002, soybeans since 2009. Periods of formation of export potential (2000-2009), instability (2010-2012) and growth (2013-2018) of agricultural exports were highlighted. The impact of price factors, quantity and quality of exported agricultural products, the world food and financial markets, as well as the costs of export-oriented goods movement on revenue in terms of the main export products were assessed. It was established that the main factor in the growth of the value of exports was the growth of its physical volume, with a positive contribution of inflationary processes and a decrease in the real rouble exchange rate in 2013-2018. The article concludes that the effect of currency imbalance has been exhausted and the potential of agricultural exports for analyzed products has increased based on a possible recovery in world food prices and a convergence of export prices generated by intermediaries and producer prices.
The article shows the importance of assessing the competitiveness of the regional meat industry both from the point of view of regional authorities and from the position of local producers. Various approaches to assessing regional competitiveness are considered, methods based on the estimation of meat production volumes, the use of physical output volume indices or the calculation of a generalized indicator of the regional meat industry competitiveness are highlighted. A market approach was also noted, based on an assessment of sales of meat products or an assessment of the market share of local producers. The methods for assessing competitiveness also include an approach to measuring it in accordance with indicators of freedom of market competition; they are evaluated by indicators of business activity or concentration of market shares. Using separate methods, an assessment was made of the competitiveness of the meat industry in the Novosibirsk Region, which allowed, based on a comparison of the results obtained, a number of significant conclusions. The interrelation of measures of state support for the meat industry and its competitiveness is noted, the conclusion is made that the competitive strategies of most local producers are ineffective in terms of meeting market demands, since they focus mainly on short-term results. The necessity of using the experience of competition of the largest Novosibirsk producers with effective strategies and other participants in the meat market has been substantiated. Improving the strategies of small producers should contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the meat industry in the Novosibirsk region as a whole.
There have been considered the results of research carried out by the FSBSI CSAL for creating the full text database “Outstanding academic agrarian economists of Russia”. The aim of the research was to improve the bibliographic service of scientists and specialists and information support of researches in the AIC problems. The relevance of the research consists in a necessity to create information products available in remote access mode, in providing the user with full electronic texts of the most significant works of outstanding Russian academic agrarian economists, which are a part of scientific heritage organized into a single structured and indexed array allowing quickly and effectively searching according to some attributes of document and full text. The novelty of research consists in that the documents of these topics are separated from the CSAL collection for the first time into a separate structure information assay; the existence of similar databases on this theme has not been revealed. As a result the research has revealed above 1000 personalities who played, as evaluated by modern scientists, an important role in different periods of development of agricultural economy. The structure and the stages of forming and replenishing the DB have been defined. Its program, linguistic tools, as well as an approach and technology of scientific processing documents, forming and replenishing the BD have been developed. The created BD is a separate thematic collection and a part of the CSAL Electronic Scientific Agricultural Library incorporated into the Electronic Library of the Central Catalog of the AIC Libraries. In 2020 the DB included 500 documents. In future the BD content will be annually replenished with new documents.
The long-term Doctrine of Food Security of Russia defines Russia's national interests in the field of food security, including improving the quality of life of citizens through adequate food security, among the main ones. In Yakutia, the specific gravity of food self-sufficiency for certain types of agricultural products ranges from 25 to 65‰. The level of providing the population with their own meat and meat products is especially low, and therefore, increasing the volume of agricultural production is an important task for the region. At the same time, the Arctic zone of Yakutia is one of the territories where large industrial projects are expected to be implemented and, despite the positive prerequisites for their development, there are fears of the negative impact of industrial development on the functioning of traditional branches of the agricultural sector - northern domestic reindeer husbandry and herd horse breeding. The problems identified today require new approaches to determining their development strategies. The article also emphasizes the relevance of improving the mechanisms of state regulation and solving the joint task of improving the efficiency of regional agribusiness, in particular traditional industries, and reducing the risk of not achieving the results of state programs “Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets for 2020-2024 years ”and“ Integrated development of rural territories for 2020-2025 ”in the conditions of industrial development of the Arctic.
The current global economic situation caused by the consequences of COVID-19 requires a review of approaches to both global cooperation and industry management in individual countries. The breakdown of cooperative ties, a paradigm shift in the development of the agro-industrial complex, state support measures, and an increased understanding of the role of agriculture in ensuring the country's security and sovereignty open up enormous opportunities for the country's agro-industrial complex. The article discusses the prospects for the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex in a pandemic. Why: trends in the development of the domestic agricultural sector have been identified, which have a correlation with the global trend in the development of agriculture. Both the main trends in the development of the global agricultural sector and the vectors of the further technological development of the Russian agricultural sector are highlighted. To develop concrete steps for the transition of the domestic agro-industrial complex to the AgroTech 4.0 concept, it was proposed to evaluate the innovative potential of the industry. In a pandemic, the domestic agro-industrial complex is forced to develop, taking into account the consequences of the pandemic, for example, a decrease in the number of labour, increasing the importance of automated technologies, the destruction of economic relations and others. The directions of development of the agricultural sector in a pandemic are highlighted: the development of the fundamental foundations of productivity; increasing labour productivity through the introduction of cross-platform solutions and digital technologies in the agricultural sector; diversified priority development of high-margin segments of agricultural products and others, as well as the main trends for the implementation of these areas: modernization of the innovation environment, targeted innovative development, reorganization of the agricultural education and science system, building transparent cooperative ties between business and federal executive bodies with the aim of eliminating manipulations and bureaucratic component of activity. Thus, in a pandemic, in order to overcome the consequences of the crisis, the Russian agro-industrial complex needs a transition to the new management concept AgroTech 4.0.
The experience of developed countries confirmed the high efficiency of managing the company's value. The use of value management models in Russian companies in the agrochemical sector can be a means of increasing their investment attractiveness. PJSC Akron was chosen as the subject of the study. When calculating the company's value using the method of economic value added, the destruction of the value of PJSC Akron was discovered. For shareholders of the company, a similar situation suggests that they suffer losses from investing in the company's shares. The reason for the destruction of value is the high level of debt burden of the company and the low level of its financial stability. The analytical model of agrochemical company value management presented in the article can significantly improve the value creation process. The value management of the agrochemical production company is carried out in three main areas: production efficiency management, management of the company's financial capital structure and management of the company's operational efficiency. The application in practice of the proposed analytical model of agrochemical company cost management will make it possible to assess the effectiveness of solutions, both operational and financial and investment, as well as to contribute to the increase in the value of the agrochemical company as the main strategic benchmark of its efficiency.
The task of increasing the availability of credit resources is one of the most important conditions for the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and the economy as a whole. In the context of an economic slowdown and worsening conditions for raising capital in international financial markets, the urgency of developing domestic sources of financing has only increased. The agro-industrial complex remains in high demand for construction and modernization of production and infrastructure facilities. Given the length of the production and financial cycle, agriculture has a higher demand for short-term loans compared to other types of economic activity. At the same time, agriculture is a high-risk industry, characterized by high debt load, sensitivity to the cost of borrowed resources. Partially these problems are mitigated by state support for the industry with the system of concessional lending as a key component. The article provides an integrated approach to enhancing the credit process. In addition to the development of the existing mechanism for the partial interest rate compensation other measures have been proposed to provide the agro-industrial complex and the economy as a whole with the necessary financial resources to ensure economic growth. To this end, additional incentives are justified to expand lending to small businesses. Other measures include reducing credit risks through agricultural insurance with state support in the lending process, further development of the guarantee system, use of specialized refinancing instruments of the Bank of Russia, radical restructuring of the Project Financing Factory mechanism to increase the flow of investment projects, improvement of the system of prudential banking regulation, wider application of incentive banking regulation.
Against the background disparity of price between means of production and crops production, to maintain a sufficient level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of resource use and their reasonable savings, which can be achieved using digital management methods. The purpose of this work is to study the development of digital technologies in crop production and the economic efficiency of their implementation. The research task was to calculate indicators that reflect resource savings in the cultivation of field crops. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from literary sources, annual reports of agricultural enterprises in the Kurgan region, and the results of production activities of the Kurgan research Institute are used. It is confirmed that the most cost-effective and most common method of digitalization in crop production is the use of geoinformation systems. It is estimated that due to its use in parallel driving systems (not counting the reduction of non-target fuel costs when monitoring transport), it is possible to save more than 2 thousand roubles/ha. The introduction of digital innovations in production is considered on the example of our own developments: computer programs for maintaining a book of history fields and automatic calculation of technological maps. The results of the study showed that taking into account the economic parameters for each fields makes it possible to adapt technologies to local conditions. Internal reserves for saving resources were identified based on digital monitoring of fields: scientifically based, differentiated by fields calculation of fertilizer doses, volumes and assortment of pesticides used, cultivation of tolerant varieties, and sowing in optimal terms. It is established that due to the scientifically based design of agricultural technologies, the increase in profitability from the use of resources can reach 25 ‰. The practical value lies in the fact that the annual economic analysis of production, differentiated by fields, will allow you to develop a strategy for designing agricultural technologies in similar years and improve the efficiency of resource use. To expand the implementation of digitalization, further research on its effectiveness in crop production is still required.
The article is devoted to the economy of maize production in the Krasnodar Territory - one of the main regions of its cultivation. The main indicators of economic efficiency of the production of this crop for grain, silage and green feed for the main natural and climatic zones of the region were considerate. Key problems of increase in production efficiency of corn for the purpose of restoration and development of domestic cattle breeding are investigated that is especially relevant in the conditions of the global economic crisis and consequences of a pandemic of COVID-19. The article contains an analysis of the structure of the cost of maize production. The greatest influence on its value of both grain and green mass is the level of crop yield and the labour intensity of one centner of the produced products. In order to identify unused reserves in improving the efficiency of maize production, the method of grouping was used. At the same time, when setting the goal and objectives of the study, the abstract-logical method was used, as well as comparative analysis - when comparing the indicators of crop production in agricultural organizations of various zones of the region. Studies have found that in order to increase the efficiency of grain production and green corn mass in the Krasnodar Territory, the main importance is: the optimal concentration of its crops, the size of production costs, their share in fertilizers, growth in yield levels and the optimal composition of the farm fleet. This integrated approach will better meet the internal needs of the Russian Federation in this economically viable culture. It was noted that the results obtained can be widely used in the practice of corn-growing regions of the country.