The research objective consists in development of evidence-based offers on further increase in cost efficiency of grapes and wine-making sub complex of agrarian and industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan. The grapes and wine-making sub complex market functions in the conditions of the adverse macroeconomic situation connected, first of all, with disparity of the prices of grapes and industrial output for its production, liberalization of the foreign trade activity at smaller competitiveness of domestic production. Economic regulation of the market of grapes and wine-making sub complex products on the basis of the state protectionism, subsidizing of production of grapes and also tax and investment incentives is necessary.
The article analyzes the main factors of Russia's influence on the food security of some Central Asian countries, which include: the attractiveness of the Russian agri-food market in terms of sales; the critical dependence of the region's countries on imports of Russian agri-food products; Russia's leading position in the supply of individual resources and means of production for agriculture; investment cooperation; employment of labour migrants; providing countries of the region with official development assistance. Thus, the presence in Russia of attractive markets for agro-food products such as fruits, vegetables and roots, berries and nuts, allows many countries of Central Asia to realize their competitive advantages and ensure the viability of rural areas due to income from the supply of agricultural products. Many Central Asian countries are heavily dependent on imports of agri-food products, especially bread, pasta, flour confectionery, chocolate, supplied from Russia. Russia is a leader in the supply to Central Asian countries of many types of resources and means of production used in agriculture: breeding chickens and horses, veterinary vaccines, premixes, disinfectants, means for rodent control. With the participation of Russian capital, large-scale projects are being implemented to develop infrastructure, energy, industry and agriculture in Central Asia. Remittances of labour migrants from Central Asian countries located on the territory of Russia largely ensure food security at the household level, increasing the well-being of their family members, contributing to an increase in their income level and improving the economic availability of food. Special attention should be paid to the role of Russia as a donor of financial and other resources for the countries of Central Asia.
The economy of the future requires: the mass creation of large vertically integrated agro-industrial formations (AIF) and industrial corporations under unified leadership based on common “end-to-end” low-waste and waste-free resource-saving technological chains with transparent accounting for shareholders and cooperation partners; the transition from the production of gross (Soviet) to the final (market) competitive in the world market quality products produced by each association (a single team) with the least losses, labour and funds; ensuring the priority of producers, consumers and the state over intermediaries and traders. It is necessary to quickly combine tens of millions of chaotically autonomously developing small forms of business - Private farm, Peasant farm, small Agricultural organizations and urban factories processing agricultural products torn from them, whose capacities are loaded by 10-20‰, other industrial enterprises into vertically integrated AIF and industrial corporations strategic planning with a closed production cycle of the final product in the system “field (garden, farm, fish farm, well, mine, energy generator, cutting area, etc.) is a consumer”), with liquidation intermediaries, other non-productive links, “gray” schemes, gasket firms, etc., ensuring the transition in the country's economy from financial to real productive capital in agriculture and industry. In this paper, we tried to show how in the 6 years of 2019–2024, cooperating with the agro-industrial complex and the military-industrial complex could increase GDP not by 1.3‰ in 2019. and up to 3‰ in 2021 (according to the forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development), and to ensure economic growth in Russia is not less than the world average - 3.8‰ per year.
The article describes the fundamentals of the formation of spatial economics and the formation of differential land rent in the agrarian sector of Russia. On the basis of the social division of labour, the need for a more adequate allocation of agricultural production in accordance with the natural and economic possibilities of a given territory is prompted. To this end, during the Soviet period, a natural-economic assessment of the entire territory of the country in terms of agriculture was carried out. At the same time, the effect of differential land rent was ignored, which affected the process of more adequate territorial distribution of crops, weakening it in modern conditions due to price disparity and the absolutization of private ownership of land, especially with its “sale and purchase”. To change this situation, a vector of a different “territorial” agrarian institutional policy is needed, in which all sectors of the national identity are interested. The double mediation of the soil in the formation of rent I and II has been established, the rent-forming role of which is manifested and can be realized through the cultivated crop and only by selling its products. With a relatively high yield of a new variety and sales of products, a peculiar differential selection and variety rent arises. The quality (fertility) of the soil itself is indexed only by indirect, moreover, not by cost indicators (content: humus, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, etc.). Optimization of placement of agricultural crops should be achieved, first of all, by the formation of specialized zones for the production of commercial products.
The concept of agro-food sphere of the country, its structure and importance for the economy are analyzed. The concept of development of the agro-food sphere taking into account scientific and technical progress and increasing importance of innovative technologies is formed. The high role of scientific and technical potential and scientific and technical knowledge in the socio-economic growth of indicators of specialized enterprises is noted. The main goal of the innovative development of the agrobusiness is the development of the institutional environment, modernization of the industry infrastructure, improvement of the investment climate and the development of science. At the same time, the activities to develop the research potential of agribusiness in the Russian Federation are aimed at optimizing production taking into account the natural and climatic features of the country's regions, the formation of human resources that can apply technological achievements in their work. The types of innovations necessary for the development of agro-industrial complex and agriculture are identified; the application of the implemented scientific developments in the regions of the country is characterized. The analysis of statistical data in the field of costs of research and development in the agricultural sector, financing, as well as scenario options for sectoral development are described. Conclusions about the influence of factors of development of research potential in the agrobusiness on the model of import substitution in the region are made, a system of recommendations for solving the identified problems limiting the innovative development of the agro-food sector is proposed.
Few works of domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to the study of corporate culture, its impact on the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Moreover, the corporate culture has only recently become recognized as a reliable tool (tool) for the effective management of agricultural enterprises. The requirements of culture today are considered as one of the priority activities that can provide development and stability for the agricultural organization. At the same time, the lack of scientific and methodical study of this issue by Russian specialists hinders the practical activity of managing the development of corporate culture in agro-industrial companies. The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence, content, structural elements and specifics of corporate culture in agro-industrial enterprises, the factors influencing it, as well as the development of the mechanism of its formation, ways to improve the corporate culture in the company "Kuban" with the use of methods of observation, questioning, testing, system analysis, expert evaluation and statistical methods. The implementation of the research results will ensure the improvement of corporate culture at the enterprises of the Kuban agricultural Holding, its transformation into a powerful motivating and unifying principle, will become one of the levers for improving the efficiency of enterprises in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy.
Export orientation of production has positive and negative sides. In these conditions, special attention should be paid to the economic access to meat. Dynamics of production and consumption of main types of meat is considered. Revealed substantial structural changes in meat consumption show a discrepancy with recommended rational standards. The results of the econometric model indicate a serious impact of imports on the total meat consumption. The indicators are proposed to measure the economic affordability, which can be used to identify regions that are particularly in need of stimulating demand for meat. The main mechanism should be a program of internal food aid.
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the increase in the efficiency of farming has been declared the priority direction of the economic policy of our country at the state and regional level, which is fixed in the relevant legislative acts determining the development of the agricultural sector in the near future. Creating conditions for sustainable development of traditional agricultural landscapes, ensuring environmental management is one of the main tasks of these documents. To solve them, resource-saving technologies are recommended, which include measures for the forest reclamation of arable land - generally accepted, both in our country and abroad, a highly effective means of promoting sustainable land use of agricultural enterprises, ensuring their successful adaptation to natural anomalies. In the Volgograd Region, as a result of periodic manifestations of wind erosion and dust storms, tons of fertile arable lands are lost, crops and crops are destroyed, and agricultural production is destabilized. The article reveals the role of forest reclamation in preventing these processes and ensuring the sustainable development of the local aerosphere. For comparison, a detailed analysis of its effectiveness is proposed for various types of placement of forest melioration plantations in the agro landscape with a high risk of wind erosion - a typical version of their creation and optimum, which provides for sustainable land use. Estimation of costs and benefits showed that, first of all, they depend on the quality of soil and climatic conditions, the way of creating forest cultures, the protective forest cover of fields. The conducted studies allow to draw a conclusion about the feasibility of ameliorative arrangement of arable lands of the Volgograd region and are sufficient grounds to stimulate an increase in protective forest cover in the region and to receive funds from the federal budget to create forest belts in problem areas. For reliable preservation and improvement of land fund of the country by means of a forest melioration according to the Strategy of sustainable development of rural territories until 2030 it is expedient to increase design woodiness of problem agro landscapes not less, than twice.
Potatoes in Russia are one of the most popular crop products. Potato consumption in Russia per capita amounted to 119.8 kg per person per year. In our country, the main production of table potatoes is concentrated in the households of the population, in 2018 in this sector 69‰ of all grown potatoes were produced, although the yield of this crop in smallholders is much lower than in agricultural potato-growing enterprises. In the backyard little used technique (because of its absence), practically do not apply fertilizers (expensive), rarely used change of a grade and strain renovation of the planting material. Therefore, in the harvest, most often, there are infected tubers. And as storage of potatoes is made, as a rule, in bulk in rooms under the house where there is no ventilation, losses by spring reach 60‰. Therefore, improving the efficiency of potato farming in the small-scale sector is one of the conditions for improving its efficiency in the whole sub-sector. In recent years, attention to this sector of the country's economy has weakened; there are almost no publications on the problems of smallholders. This paper discusses the technological and organizational innovations in the cultivation of potatoes in the backyards of rural residents. ABSTRACT. In our country, the main production of table potatoes is concentrated in households. Therefore, improving the efficiency of potato farming in the small-scale sector is one of the conditions for improving its efficiency in the whole sub-sector. The technological and organizational innovations in the cultivation of potatoes in the backyards of rural residents proposed.
The article on the materials of the Tver region shows the actual situation with the use of arable land, which is typical for most non-chernozem regions of Russia. The purpose of the study is to show the actual disposal of high-value agricultural land from circulation, which is not clearly seen in the Rosstat data, and to suggest a number of urgent measures to resolve the current situation. We believe that the problem of involving unused arable land in non-chernozem regions into circulation is not yet relevant. Resources must be directed to stopping its further degradation, otherwise in 5–7 years arable land, where at present there is no cultivation and harvesting of any agricultural crop, can no longer be considered as a reserve for increasing production of agricultural products. The introduction of these lands into circulation will not be possible without significant costs for recultivation. Due to the lack of investment resources required for a more complete and intensive use of farmland, it is extremely difficult to resolve the issue of the structure of crop production in arable land still usable. The scale of fodder production is limited by the low number of cattle, which, compared with 1992, has decreased by 6 times. Production of marketable grain, without restoring the fertilizer system based on the development of cattle breeding, is unprofitable. Economically justified is the production of spinning flax by intensive technologies. To do this, it is necessary to provide economic support to the enterprises of the flax subcomplex and to ensure the possibility of profitable lease of plots of arable land with highly fertile soils.