One of the most common models for organizing agro-industrial integration in the Krasnodar Territory is the holding model, which involves the formation of tightly structured integrated formations that span the various links of one or more food chains by fully controlling the activities of the economically, organizationally, and technologically related business entities. The implementation of the holding model of agro-industrial integration, as a rule, is associated with the concentration of land resources and industrial capital. Under the alternative model, investments are directed to land acquisition, and to the development of processing facilities and infrastructure. The model of active takeovers and expansion of the controlled economic space can be effective only under the conditions of unsaturated markets and significant volumes of state support. A relatively high level of organizational, economic, and technological flexibility and efficiency is demonstrated by the models suggesting orientation toward the contractual form of integration interactions. The transformation of the agro-food system of the Krasnodar territory and the system of integration interactions between producers and processors of agricultural products is influenced by a combination of multidirectional factors. In the context of the transformation of production systems of the agro-industrial formations of an integrated holding type and the optimization of the structure of their assets, the role of the regional authorities, as the main regulator of the agro-food system of the region is sharply increasing, as they are called upon to ensure the balance and proportionality of the regional agro-food complex and the sustainable development of rural areas through the redistribution of state support funds.
Taking into account the key role of the horticulture industry, in providing the population with the necessary vitaminized products, the issues of technical and technological renewal of the industry are currently being updated as the main factor in increasing its competitiveness and solving the problem of import substitution of fresh fruit crops and their processing products. The purpose of this study is to justify the early exit of the industry from the crisis to the trajectory of sustainable and high growth through the early introduction of new scientific achievements at all stages of the technological process of industrial horticulture. It is noted that at present the consumption of fruits per capita in our country is significantly smaller than in foreign countries. The article analyzed the dynamics of the main indicators of horticulture development in Russia for 2000-2018, showing a low rate of their growth. At the same time, in recent years, active work has been carried out to develop intensive horticulture, and regions - leaders in this direction - have also been identified. Regions of the Southern and North Caucasus federal districts account for the largest proportion of fruit produced. The experience of successful horticulture in Israel, a country deprived of all important resources for the industry, but showing good results achieved through the introduction of innovative technologies, is presented. The main challenges and promising areas for enhancing innovation in horticulture, including through private-public partnerships, were emerging.
An analysis of the existing institutional and economic mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population within the framework of special programmes for the social development of rural areas, from the point of view of their historical development, had made it possible to find the most needed of them for further improvement and to use in practice a programme-oriented approach to creating favourable conditions for the livelihood of the rural population. Special attention is paid to the problem of the number of rural families in the queue for improvement of housing conditions, which has hardly decreased during the decade, and the role of previous programmes of social development of rural areas, where the issue of rural housing has always been the primary issue in terms of importance and financial provision, has been shown. All available mechanisms for solving the housing issue have been considered in previous programmes for the social development of rural areas. On the basis of an analysis of measures aimed at increasing the share of well-equipped housing in rural settlements to 50‰, a restructuring of budgetary allocations is proposed. Priorities for financing those measures that are most in demand in rural areas to solve housing issues have been justified, priority measures have been identified to improve housing conditions for rural populations in the context of significant financial sequestration of the federal budget of the State Programme of the Russian Federation "Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas."
The purpose of the study is a quantitative analysis of factors affecting the level of rural unemployment during the global financial crisis (2008-2009) and economic recession (2014-2015). The econometric analysis was carried out on the basis of the general regression model (GRM), in which the method of the best subsets was used. Model specifications were selected; a Pareto-assessment of the impact of economic, social, demographic factors on the level of rural unemployment was carried out, which ranked them in decreasing order of strength and significance. The result of the study was the determination of statistically significant factors and determinants that affect the level of rural unemployment. The greatest influence was exerted by such factors on the supply side as the share of youth in the structure of the rural population, the share of unemployed with higher education. Calculations showed that an increase in the share of youth by 1‰ on average led to an increase in rural unemployment by 1.1‰ in 2009 and by 0.5‰ in 2014. On the demand side, investments in fixed assets had a statistically significant effect on rural unemployment agriculture, as well as the share of people employed in agriculture. The share of the rural population in its overall structure, as well as the share of those employed in agriculture, turned out to be statistically significant for the 2014 model and insignificant in 2009. The share of the rural population is higher in the region; the risk of rural unemployment has the higher growth in economic recession. Scope: the results of the study can be used to assess risks in the agrarian labour market when developing and implementing regional anti-crisis policies, as well as by the academic community to study the behavioural reactions of regional labour markets to economic shocks in different phases of the business cycle.
The development of export potential is considered in the Russian Federation as one of the priorities for the effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex. In this regard, the experience of foreign countries that are major exporters of agricultural products, in particular Brazil, which is one of the three leaders in this field, is of interest. The development of export potential, including the agricultural sector, is a priority of the country's foreign trade policy and economic development. The article deals with organizational and economic aspects of Brazil's export policy in the agricultural sector, including state structures, public-private agencies and private organizations, their tasks, functions, and financing. The main participants in organizing and promoting the export of Brazilian agricultural products to international markets are: the Ministry of agriculture, livestock and food, the Ministry of external relations, the Ministry of agricultural development, the Agency for trade and investment promotion (Apex-Brasil), as well as industry production and export associations. Abroad, Brazil's export policy is implemented through an extensive representative network consisting of trade promotion Sectors at embassies and consulates, offices of the Apex-Brasil Agency and a large number of sales agents in countries around the world. The activities of export development ministries are financed from the budget, and Apex-Brasil uses private capital in addition to public funds. To promote national products to foreign markets, the government of the country actively uses online resources, in particular, on its initiative, the Invest&Export Brazil and Brazilian Exporterse projects are implemented through the Internet, allowing interaction of all interested parties, both within the country and abroad.
Increasing the export of agricultural products and food to third countries is an urgent task for each member state of the EEU. As part of the implementation of the agreed agro-industrial policy, the Eurasian economic Commission, together with the member States of the EEU, is working on the implementation of coordinated actions aimed at developing export potential in the field of agriculture. The article considers measures to support and stimulate exports, in particular, of agricultural products, of the EAEU member States. It was noted that the export support system in the Republic of Armenia is in the process of constant formation, but its foundations have already been laid by the creation of leading support institutions. The Republic of Belarus makes great efforts and conducts purposeful multi-disciplinary work, developing and improving existing measures and methods of export support and creating conditions for the introduction of new effective mechanisms for its promotion. The Republic of Kazakhstan has established a legal framework for state export support that meets international requirements, including national instruments and support mechanisms. The state export support system in the Kyrgyz Republic is currently being formed. At the same time, a number of fundamental legal acts aimed at stimulating and supporting the export of the Kyrgyz Republic have been adopted. Export support in the Russian Federation has a complex multidimensional structure. Currently, in order to increase the efficiency of the entire export support system, a transition to a "single window" mechanism is being developed, which will allow for comprehensive targeted support to export-oriented and foreign-economic companies. The implementation of agreed joint measures for export development will strengthen the competitive positions of producers of agricultural products and food of the EEU member States in the markets of third countries, form a positive attitude of foreign buyers to products produced in the EEU, and coordinate actions to develop promising markets.
Currently, accounting outsourcing has a very good development trend in the agro-industrial complex. More and more managers in small and medium-sized businesses are realizing that outsourcing is a real opportunity to make their business more profitable by reducing operating costs. Outsourcing allows you to solve problems with attracting, training and retaining qualified personnel, as well as with the continuity of business processes: the replacement of personnel during vacation, illness, training is provided by the service provider. In addition, there is flexibility in resource management – companies do not need to worry about reducing the number of their employees when the market situation changes, re - profiling activities, reducing production volumes, etc.companies that provide accounting services offer a full range of accounting services-from setting up accounting to full accounting support, including remote maintenance. In addition, the customer may choose from the package of offers only those services that they really need. Competition forces you to be flexible in an individual approach to each client, maintain affordable prices, reducing unexpected costs, while maintaining your reputation. The quality of services does not fall, but increases constantly.
Currently, the development of both General and sectoral strategies has become a necessary and mandatory attribute of planning the socio-economic development of almost every municipality in the Republic of Bashkortostan. However, the methodology for developing and implementing strategies, including strategies for the development of agriculture, is still far from perfect. In this article, an attempt is made to update the need to improve the development of agricultural development strategies of municipalities of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors recommend that for a more detailed and realistic analysis of the socio-economic situation in rural areas, the use of data from state censuses and statistics, the results of sociological surveys of heads of agricultural enterprises and the rural population. For example, Meleuz district Republic of Bashkortostan the authors justify the appropriateness of the adjustments municipal programs of development of agriculture, small and medium business, their coordination with overall strategies for socio-economic development of municipalities, regions, including proposals to diversify the rural economy, promote ethnic entrepreneurship and ethnic societies.
The agricultural sectors needed close attention, regulation, support and control from the state. The success of the entire national economy depends on these processes, as shown by the foreign experience of developed countries. Russian agrarian policy in the conditions of market modernization has sharply faced a host of problems. Their decision is connected with the choice of the most acceptable, accessible and effective political and economic instruments. As the Russian decade’s experience shows, such an instrument has become the program-targeted principle for the regulation of agricultural industries and food security. The Russian State Program has definitely positive results. But some directions of the agrarian policy should be corrected, or go into the status of priority directions. Among them: the imperfection of the functioning and state regulation of land management and accounting of agricultural land; late development of basic, methodological and regulatory documents that contribute to the scientific and technical (grant activity). The analysis also showed that the results of the activity of the dairy cattle breeding industry, which, according to expert estimates, depend on the existing problems in the feed production and livestock breeding industries, require state attention. At the same time, it is important to take measures to update the target indicators of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation to a new stage of fruitful work.
Own sources of financing of enterprises are represented by capital and reserves created when making deposits in capital, its increase, carrying out separate operations to bring the value of own fixed assets to the current market, etc., which creates additional capital of the economic entity. The most attractive component in the structure of own funds is retained earnings of organizations after payments to the budget and withholding of dividends, which allows to replenish reserves or finance capital investments, operating expenses. Its size is influenced not only by generally accepted indicators - composition and structure of income and expenses - but also by the policy of organizations in terms of using tax manoeuvres to increase the costs recognized in taxation, to direct part of the calculated amount of income tax to long-term investments. Since agricultural organizations are most characteristic of their own sources of financing of authorized and additional capital, as well as net profit, it is important to study the factors of formation of own funds for understanding the possibilities of quality management of them and potential replenishment for the needs of the enterprise.