The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of primary and deep processing of flax in the Russian Federation. The economic efficiency of the primary processing of flax into the same type of undirected fiber with the further production of cotonine from it, pellets from bonfires and fresh vegetable mass is analyzed. Despite the support programs carried out by the state in recent years, the area of flax sowing in 2021 decreased by 24.5% compared to 2020. This can be explained by poor quality seeds, low demand for domestic flax fiber due to poor quality and the lack of faith of agricultural producers in the prospects for the development of flax production. Given the difficult economic situation, it became necessary to analyze the work of the flax plant, equipment for the production of the same type of fiber, cotonine, fuel pellets from bonfires and fresh vegetable mass, prices for pellets in order to determine the economic efficiency of primary and deep processing of flax. The domestic machines presented in the article, which include equipment for the production of pellets from bonfires, will make it possible to obtain, in addition to flax cotonine, chemically and biologically safe fuel from renewable raw materials and make production waste-free. The ASGB-1 pelletizing complex is designed for processing both bonfires and grasses, which makes it possible to produce natural protein-vitamin feed for animals and poultry on the basis of the flax plant. For the first time, it was proposed and justified the production of feed pellets from fresh plant matter at the flax plant, which will allow to receive additional income, use free labour resources in rural areas, as well as provide livestock and poultry farms with feed. Primary and deep processing of flax with the production of pellets from bonfires and vegetable matter on the equipment in question is cost-effective and has an acceptable payback period. The results of the analysis can help flax mills modernize or diversify their production in order to increase economic efficiency.
The study of the problems of small business in retail is an urgent research area in terms of the possibility and specifics of digitalization of small business. The article contains up-to-date data on the digitalization of Russian grocery retail, including trends and trends, priority areas, technologies used. The purpose of this study consists of three main stages. Firstly, the analysis of the current level of digitalization of business, and the assessment of development prospects are useful. Secondly, we carried out a study of the possibilities of digitalization of small businesses and the problems associated with this process. Thirdly, authors assessed the possibilities and prospects of digitalization of certain territories of the Russian Federation. In addition to desk research, content analysis, and analysis of domestic and foreign data, the paper carried out a primary study related to the assessment of the effectiveness of investments in grocery retail in a particular territory of Russia, depending on the indicators of annual turnover and the share of online sales from 2014 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the study is the proposed methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of digitalization of grocery retail, which applied to other branches of Russian business. This technique based on the correlation between the indicators and the average growth rates of these indicators.
Increasing the efficiency of the processes of selling agricultural products is especially necessary in the context of reducing the dependence of the domestic market on food imports. The lack of effective logistics links between manufacturers and enterprises of the processing industry and trade leads to an increase in the cost and uncompetitiveness of the products of local agricultural producers, as well as high costs associated with the storage, processing and marketing of manufactured products due to the lack of modern infrastructure lead to the need to justify the creation of logistics integrated distribution centers . The objective of the study is to carry out the classification of logistics distribution centers based on functional criteria. The methodological basis of the study was the fundamental scientific theories and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of logistics, supply chain management, regional development, research of consulting companies. In preparing the article, basic general scientific research methods (comparisons, synthesis and analysis, evolutionary approach), as well as statistical and econometric methods (statistical grouping, index method, etc.) were used. The study analyzed and systematized various approaches to solving the problem of organizing effective marketing of products, as a result of which the author's classification of logistics distribution centers was proposed. The author's classification based on the facet-hierarchical method and including existing approaches to the classification of logistics distribution centers and the functions of logistics centers, taking into account modern trends in their development. A distinctive proposed classification is the use of the criteria proposed by the author, inherent in logistics distribution centers, which makes it possible to identify their separate type - logistics integrated distribution centers.
The article considers direct measures of state support as a necessary condition for ensuring food security in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the differences between the state program "Integrated Development of rural territories" and the federal target program "Sustainable development of rural territories for 2014-2017 and for the period up to 2020". The following is a list of direct measures of state support for rural areas within the framework of the state program "Integrated Development of rural Areas", as well as measures to support federal executive authorities. It should be noted that the effectiveness of state support for rural areas is one of the most important factors for the growth of the quality and standard of living in these territories. The authors give examples of support measures in which partial continuity of performance indicators is noted, while emphasizing that in addition to the continuity of performance indicators of support tools implemented within the framework of state programs, some of the criteria are also measures to assess the effectiveness of some national projects. The article highlights 4 levels of effects from the implementation of state support: resources (inputs), direct result (outputs), final result (outcomes), and socio-economic effect (impacts). The analysis of the efficiency indicators of state support showed that low-level effects (inputs) are present in the implementation of support measures in each of the previously listed areas and represent the amount of budget allocations allocated to the subjects of the Russian Federation from the federal budget. In turn, high-level indicators (impacts) among the analyzed indicators of the effectiveness of state support are absent in all the identified areas. This is due to the fact that, unlike output and outcome level indicators, impact level indicators determine the long-term effect of the implementation of programs and projects, and therefore they are likely to be determined within the framework of various development strategies, as well as be part of the global development goals of the state.
The article emphasizes that the huge potential of rural areas, despite the development of positive processes in agriculture and the improvement of rural access to development resources, still remains unrealized. In the development of rural areas in the Russian Federation, there is no integrated approach. Ideas and opinions of researchers - some sustainable development of rural areas are associated directly with the development of agriculture in this territory; others note the limited development of rural areas by agrarian specifics and focus on the social problems of the village. In the proposed methodological approach to assessing the sustainability of rural development, the main indicators of assessment are: stabilization of the rural population; the growth of incomes of the rural population, the presence of other incomes (deposits, investments, income from entrepreneurial activity); growth of own housing among the rural population, stable energy supply of rural housing; uninterrupted operation of the Internet and cellular communications; availability of municipal transport routes; own car; provision of outlets; the ability to regularly relax and travel; development of agricultural production. Testing of the proposed methodological approach was carried out on the materials of the Irkutsk region. Depending on the problems solved, various research methods were used, such as economic-statistical, computational-constructive, abstract-logical and sociological. The source of information was data from departmental and sectoral statistics (Irkutskstat) and data obtained during the survey of rural residents.
The concept of human development defines the key aspects associated with effective employment: the expansion of opportunities in the field of work, the achievement of decent work standards and human development. Human development is a complex process that requires the development of measures covering all areas of work and, to a greater extent, in agriculture. The importance of the study is confirmed by the following aspects: shifting the focus to human development; discussions on the composition of the imperatives of decent work as a fundamental component; approaches to areas associated with the directions of effective employment in agriculture. Human development determines the need to implement modern directions of effective employment in agriculture. The implementation of the considered imperatives is due to the fact that effective employment is the basis for the development of human capital in agriculture. The directions of ensuring effective employment are shown: legal protection of the employed; decent jobs; selection of qualified personnel; the possibility of professional growth; rational conditions for the organization and rationing of labour; the use of modern technologies; ensuring labour safety; effective use of working time; decent wages, motivation of employees to work; social protection; economic support of the directions of human potential development. Effective employment and decent work conditions are aimed at human development and economic growth in agriculture. Effective employment and decent work conditions are aimed at human development and economic growth in agriculture.
The problem of unemployment for rural residents of municipalities in the region has become very relevant in recent years, as well as for all residents of Russia. Increasing the level of employment of the population must be included in the list of priority tasks for solving social problems in rural areas. An assessment of the level of unemployment of the rural population of the region showed its low official level: the coefficient of tension in the labour market for the period 2013-2019. Only in 2 analyzed groups of districts of the Saratov region exceeds 1, which is explained by the lack of desire to register with the employment service among residents of rural areas. The grouping of the unemployed by the empirical method of Sturgis made it possible to combine municipal districts into 6 groups and determine for each the number of vacancies recorded on the stock exchange. The planned profit, due to savings on tax incentives, will increase compared to the actual net profit, which will ensure the profitability of the production of agricultural producers, respectively, and will provide an opportunity to allocate additional funds for staff development. The proposed inversion scenario of development makes it possible to predict the level of employment required in the economy with the planned volume of production, and, therefore, to form an adequate supply of labour in terms of volume and structure, which will contribute to solving the problem of unemployment in the future, primarily its structural component, and optimize the system of vocational training. The main sources of creating new jobs will be the internal reserves of agricultural enterprises. To a large extent, due to the accumulated depreciation, its intended use leads to employment of up to 1585 people. And through the acquisition and modernization of fixed assets, guarantee jobs for up to 346 unemployed until 2030.
The growing community concern about the wide range of economic and environmental challenges posed by human activities dictates a new trend of responsible consumption aimed at the purchase and consumption of healthier, organic and environmentally friendly foods. There are restrictions for the development of organic products not only in the region, but also in general among the population of the country, including cultural features, underdevelopment of state regulation and infrastructure in the field of urbanized crop production and a low level of awareness of the population, etc. These factors cause the current gap between the potential willingness of consumers to buy niche vegetables, which determines the relevance of this topic. This article considers the peculiarities of the production and consumption of vegetable products in the context of increasing needs and changes in the taste preferences of the population towards healthy and proper nutrition, including the growing consumption of niche vegetables in the Siberian Federal District (using the example of the X5 grocery chain). Issues related to production factors that directly affect the volume of consumption of vegetable products are raised. Options for production of vegetable products of urbanized crop production in Siberian region are considered and proposed.
At present, in the context of the aggravated geopolitical situation, the tasks of ensuring the country's food security and the development of import substitution, as well as issues of price regulation and enhancing the innovative and investment development of the agro-industrial complex, have come to the fore in the agro-industrial complex. To overcome the identified problems, it will be necessary to resolve the accumulated issues related to the imperfection of state regulation in the agro-industrial complex. Based on evidence-based approaches, the authors propose the main directions for its improvement, in particular, the development of a stimulating organizational and economic mechanism in the agro-industrial complex, the main elements of which are currently prices and price relations, and investments. As the basic principles for improving state regulation at the present stage, it is proposed to develop an optimal balance between strategy and tactics, so that, based on the adopted strategic directions of the country's development, to slightly adjust tactical goals and ensure the stabilization of the situation in the agro-industrial complex by developing and implementing effective measures and mechanisms that level the current risks and threats. Another principle is the mutual linkage of all the goals and objectives of the development of the country and agriculture, as well as the compliance of financial support with the goals set. Now it is extremely important to ensure the uninterrupted and stable operation of the entire agro-industrial complex. In this regard, it is advisable to reformat the State Program, updating it in accordance with the changed conditions. It should propose a balanced organizational and economic mechanism that would allow the formation of complex systemic solutions to achieve targets and indicators of the country's national development goals.
In the domestic and foreign scientific literature there is a wide discussion both about the essence of food security and the indicators of its assessment. It should be understood that the main purpose of the food security assessment is to obtain objective information on food production, incomes, purchasing power, consumption of basic types of food, etc. In doing so, the Food Security Scorecard should be structured, well-founded in terms of assessing the main elements of this category, and sound indicators could be calculated on the basis of available information. The article presents discussion approaches regarding the assessment of such components of food security as economic and physical availability of food to the population of the Russian Federation at the national level. When substantiating groups of indicators and indicators, the terminology available in Russian regulatory documents is used, as well as approaches to assessing food security used in the world community, including the EAEU, CIS countries, etc., as well as taking into account the opinions of prominent agricultural scientists in this area. Methodological approaches to assessing food security, as set out in the scientific papers of domestic scientists, do not take into account all areas of food security assessment. Very often in the scientific literature, the indicators substantiated by the authors are not structured into groups, which do not allow an objective description of the state of individual components of food security of the country. In this article, the thesis outlines approaches to the formation and assessment of the main components of food security - economic and physical accessibility of food to the population at the national level.