In the conditions of the mobilization period, the priority strategic task of the state was to ensure the needs of the population with agricultural products and food at the expense of its own production in combination with effective import substitution. A significant place in its implementation belongs to the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), in which agriculture is the main link of agro-industrial production and the most important competitive advantage. The volume of gross production of the industry, which largely determines the market situation, in turn, depends on the state and efficiency of land use. In the context of the problems under consideration, the complex of natural and economic conditions of agricultural activity is investigated, the explication and quality of land as the most important production resources of the industry are studied. A retrospective assessment of the contribution of the NCFD to the all-Russian production of strategically important types of agricultural products for ensuring food security revealed a steady increase in the region's share in the production of grain, potatoes, vegetables, milk and meat. The general specialization indices for each subject of the North Caucasus Federal District are calculated, taking into account the structure of production of the main types of agricultural products on average for 2015-2020 For the dominant industries in crop production (grain production, potato growing, vegetable growing) and in animal husbandry (milk, meat, wool production) in the context of subjects and categories of commodity producers, a single complex numerical indicator (KCHP) is defined. It is understood as a relative dimensionless value that takes into account the potential and prospects for their development to determine a set of organizational and economic measures in order to ensure a stable balance of production and financial interests of each subject of the NCFD. Formed using the RSA (Principal Component Analysis) method, the CCP allows you to assess the production of agricultural products simultaneously by several parameters: to determine the vector of development of a particular branch of agriculture in the subjects of the district and to realize the competitive advantages of the region.
The article provides a comparative analysis of the financial situation of rural and urban households and the spread of poverty in rural and urban areas, which indicates that over the past 20 years, the ratio of these indicators in the city and in the countryside has not undergone fundamental changes. This indicates the conservation of a significant lag of the rural population from the urban population in terms of material wealth. The analysis of the correlation between the level of well-being and its social consequences showed that low profitability and poverty lead to a deterioration in the physical, mental and social health of the population, an increase in mortality and a decrease in the birth rate, a deterioration in the qualitative characteristics of the population and the gene pool of the nation. Proposals were given to improve the well-being of rural households and bring together the level and quality of life in the city and the population on the basis of strengthening the legal foundations of rural development and improving the program-targeted approach to the development of rural areas.
The social role of small farmers is expressed in the creation of jobs in rural areas and the implementation of food supplies. The activities of family farms are inextricably linked with the use of digital technologies. Information comes from various devices located in the field, on the farm, from sensors, agricultural equipment, meteorological stations, drones, satellites, external systems, partner platforms, suppliers. Common data from various participants in the production chain, collected in one place, allow you to obtain new quality information, find patterns, create additional value for all involved participants, apply modern scientific processing methods and make the right decisions based on them, minimizing risks, improving the business of agricultural producers. Sustainable e-commerce, or e-commerce, can help accelerate the inclusive development of rural communities by creating new jobs and income opportunities, as well as improving services for rural residents. The aim of the study is to consider the impact of digital technologies on global agriculture and family farming. In the course of the study, methods were used: statistical, graphic, comparisons, isochoric analysis. The results of the study made it possible to show the drivers of the development of information technology of family farms. The impact of agricultural activities on climate change is considered. The relationship between family farms and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 is shown. It has been shown that the digitalization of farms is most disclosed in cooperative relations.
In the rural areas of the Siberian regions, the active development of vertically integrated structures continues, which is accompanied by multidirectional socio-economic effects. An active scientific discussion on the impact of the development of agricultural holdings on the village is accompanied by the formulation of problematic issues, including those related to the negative processes registered in the territories. The article proposes interim results of a study of the development of rural areas of the Novosibirsk region under the influence of vertically integrated structures. The dynamics of the main statistical indicators characterizing both the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region and the development of the territories of the presence of agricultural holdings were assessed. The above description of the main trends related to the intensification of agricultural holdings development confirms the relevance of the development of a comprehensive methodological approach to the assessment of socio-economic effects, the sources of which are agricultural holdings operating in the rural settlements of the region. It is proposed to determine the socio-economic effect, as well as the typology of vertically integrated structures operating in the region. It is assumed that the analysis of the impact of agricultural holdings on the development of rural areas should be carried out taking into account the assessments of the stakeholders of the territory, which include the local community, the formal institution of power. The construction of a map of socio-economic effects provides for an assessment of severity and directivity, combined with modeling the forecast of length over time. The results obtained from the implementation of the developed analytical procedure can be used to draw up scenarios for the development of rural areas and determine the priorities of state support for both the agro-industrial enterprise and the relevant areas of activity.
The article justifies the need to create an interstate cross-border cluster within the framework of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Creation of the Union State (other States Parties) in the form of a biotechnological complex for the production of food ingredients: inulin, pectin, fructooligosaccharides, fructose-glucose syrups, apple concentrated juice and dietary fiber. This is due to the fact that Russia and Belarus continue to import significant volumes of food ingredients from abroad. The Russian market for inulines and pectins is completely import-dependent, with an annual demand of about 5 thousand tons and 15 thousand tons, respectively, which in monetary terms is more than 200 million US dollars per year. In the conditions of the mobilization economy, domestic enterprises (consumers of food ingredients) fall into an even greater dependent position, which causes significant damage not only to the national economy of a single country, but also to the Eurasian Economic Union as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop practical proposals (practice-oriented approach) for the formation of an interstate cross-border cluster (Russia-Belarus) for the production of food ingredients. The article analyzes the current state of the Russian market for inulines and pectins, presents the structure of their consumption, and also highlights the main reasons that impede the implementation of pectin production projects in the country. Therefore, one of the promising areas of innovation and investment activities in the agricultural sector in the space of the participating states can be the creation of an interstate cluster "Russia-Belarus" on the basis of public-private partnership for the production of food ingredients with high added value. The economic feasibility of creating a cluster in the form of a full-cycle biotechnological complex in two technological stages is justified. The issues discussed in the article may be reflected in the concept of innovative development of the Russian agro-industrial complex for the medium and long term.
This article presents the results of calculating the forecast of production volumes of the main types of agricultural products of Russia for 2022 based on the methodology used by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Research Center VNIIESX. The forecast includes the main types of agricultural products, which make up over 80% of gross agricultural output in value terms. Along with weather conditions and factors, the forecast of the yield and gross harvest of the main crops (cereals, sunflowers, sugar beets) took into account the influence of agro technical factors: the state of winter crops, the dynamics of plowing of chives, the application of mineral fertilizers, the presence of tractors and combine harvesters. The volume of production in livestock production is based on the dynamics of the number of livestock and productivity over the previous years, the availability of stocks of feed, feed base for the current year. The forecast includes the current trends in the material and technical base of agriculture. It is assumed that there will be no significant changes in agricultural engineering in 2022. The volume of production of grain and other crops (sunflower, sugar beets, potatoes, and vegetables) was estimated for three scenarios - depending on the implementation of random conditions: favourable, medium, unfavourable outcomes. When determining the degree of favourability of the year for other crops, the classification was based on the yield of grain crops, which largely determine the level of production in the agricultural sector of the country. According to our estimates, in 2022 we should expect the implementation of the average weather conditions of the year with grain production volumes of about 119 million tons (77% probability of onset), favourable - more than 133 million tons (14%), unfavourable - 82 million tons (9%).
The purpose of the study was to study the organizational and economic mechanism of technology transfer in agriculture, to identify new ways of transfer based on the active use of information and communication technologies and the creation of digital platforms. The development of information and communication technologies, due to the acceleration of the scientific and technological process in the global and Russian economy, has led to the digital transformation of business processes, digitalization of technological processes aimed at improving the efficiency of the real sector of the economy. The active development and availability of a large number of innovative technologies in modern agriculture necessitates the constant support of agricultural producers in matters of technological re-equipment and modernization of the production process, informing business entities about new technologies and developments of specialized scientific institutions. To this end, it is advisable to create and use specialized digital platforms that ensure effective communication between developers and potential consumers of these technologies. These platforms should ensure coordinated activities of the state, scientific institutions and private business structures for the effective use and enhancement of intellectual, scientific, technical, production potential and human capital in the creation of a new modern infrastructure and the introduction of innovations in the agricultural sector of the country. In the article, the authors present the results of a survey, the respondents of which were residents of rural areas, workers and managers of agricultural enterprises, heads of peasant farms, individual entrepreneurs producing agricultural products. Thus, the results of the survey indicate that the digital scientific and technological platform "Technology Transfer: Modern agriculture" is accessible to users, easy to use and provides high availability of information about new technologies. The responses of the respondents confirm that the interface of the developed platform makes it easy to navigate the presented material, and contributes to improving the efficiency of the transfer mechanism. This platform also contributes to the acceleration of technology transfer, as it reduces the time spent searching for potential consumers and developers of new technologies. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-010-00324
The retrospective and transformation of the legislative framework of state regulation of ensuring the fertility of agricultural land is analyzed. There was a reduction in the share of participation in this process of the federal center and the transfer of responsibility and expenditure powers to regional authorities, with a limitation of the participation of municipalities. An assessment of the program method for implementing the main provisions of the federal legislation on measures to ensure the fertility of agricultural land is given. Serious shortcomings in the implementation of regional programs and the assessment of their economic efficiency are revealed on the example of the Saratov Regional Target Program for 2006-2010 and for the period up to 2012, which led to their replacement by separate activities in other federal and regional programs. Taking into account the importance of measures to ensure the reproduction of land fertility in the agricultural sector of the economy to guarantee the country's food security and the insufficiency of the measures currently taken, the authors propose for use the "Organizational and economic mechanism for managing the reproduction of fertility of agricultural land", which provides: the implementation by the authorities and agricultural organizations of certain basic conditions; state regulation; economic assessment of the activities performed. A serious drawback in the process of implementing measures to restore and maintain the level of soil fertility, and even more so to increase it, is the imperfection of methodological support for calculating the economic efficiency and social significance of these measures. It is not uncommon to assess the implementation of the planned measures, and not the real effect of their implementation in agricultural production. On this basis, it is proposed to use the developed criteria, including: the increase in land rent; tax and insurance burden and its potential; economic efficiency and socio-economic (social) parity.
The article presents the methodology for the balanced development of agricultural production on a competitive and predominant platform, the basis of which was the author's approach to the spatial location of its sub-industries, including an analysis of the reserve capabilities of the natural and economic zones of the region, adequate algorithms for the differentiated distribution of budget funds, which made it possible, in accordance with the identified resource potential, to propose and justify priority areas and tools of state support for the purpose of equal-system territorial development. The work uses general scientific and specific methods that were determined by the range of tasks and research areas. In particular, using abstract-logical and calculation-analytical methods, strategic competitive advantages of natural and economic zones were identified. The studies carried out on the comprehensive diagnostics of the spatial location of agricultural production and its territorial rationalization make it possible to establish the degree of need for institutional changes in the distribution of state support funds, the vector of which should be aimed at the balanced and uniform development of territories with the disclosure of the potential of existing competitive advantages. In this regard, the authors developed an algorithmic mechanism for improving the directions of distribution of regional incentive support, containing measures aimed at developing optimal weight proportions of the distribution of budget funds based on the territorial approach. The key guideline in the distribution of state support funds is the aggregate competitive potential of the territories, which allows differentiating the directions of state support by enlarged groups, highlighting zones of low, medium (moderate) and high level of development.
Small forms of management ensure the settlement of rural areas, they account for 40% of the produced products in the industry. This category of farms differs significantly in terms of resource availability and commodity output. In the market, such manufacturers, due to their low marketability, do not have the opportunity to influence the price of purchased resources and defend the conditions for the transfer of produced products to intermediaries or processing companies. Cooperation contributes to the levelling of such costs of the market economy. State support and limited funds of commodity producers lead to the creation of consumer cooperatives, the distinctive characteristics of which are, in addition to the purpose of the activity (meeting the material and other needs of the members of the cooperative), joint subsidiary liability, voting on the principle: one member - one vote, distribution of the result obtained and restriction in the activities of associate members. The main indicators of cooperation development: the share of small forms of management included in cooperatives and the share of cooperative products in the respective markets are very low - less than one percent. The creation and functioning of cooperatives should not be formal, true cooperatives can and should ensure an increase in the efficiency of production and financial activities of small forms of management. In the process of establishing a cooperative, it is necessary to strive for homogeneity of its members, since the effectiveness and duration of the cooperative are significantly influenced by the interests of its members and the constantly changing environment. Viable cooperatives arise only under the influence of urgent necessity; they cannot be created "from above" using an administrative resource. By joining the cooperative, its potential members should clearly understand what problems can be solved by participating in the activities of this cooperative, be mentally ready to carry out their activities taking into account the cooperative specifics.