The article discusses the problems of the development of the agricultural machinery market in terms of the policy of import substitution and the transition to an export-oriented economy. The market is characterized, both from the demand and supply side. Analyzed the park of agricultural machinery; provision of agricultural organizations with tractors and combines; acquisition and disposal of agricultural equipment; main producers in agricultural machine building are determined; conditions for providing agricultural organizations with technical resources are identified. The analysis of state support measures for agricultural producers aimed at stimulating the renewal of the material base and the acquisition of domestic agricultural ones is carried out. Recommendations are given on the modernization of the agro-industrial complex of the country and the development of import substitution policies in the field of agricultural engineering.
The purpose of article is an identification of the problems caused by asymmetry in the market of organic products and definition of the necessary measures for its decrease. The methodological base of work were used the researches of the Russian and foreign scientists devoted to development of the market of organic products and the theory of asymmetry of information. In article the short review of the market development of organic products is carried out and lag of the Russian market from western is shown. Information problems of market development are revealed, in particular: difficulty of determination of quality of organic products by the buyer, the confidential nature of its acquisition and the developed ideas of the population of environmentally friendly products. Such measure of decrease in asymmetry of information as the state system of certification of organic products is considered. Conditions of efficiency of its work are defined and need of costs of its advance for transformation of "organic" marking into a popular brand is shown. It is suggested about a possibility of transfer of the main part of costs of marking advance on producers of organic products. The conclusion is drawn the importance of support of development of electronic marketplace of organic products for decrease in asymmetry of information.
Definition of spatial development perspectives in the development of programmes of socio-economic development of regions has helped to increase interest in the transformations occurring in the system. In this paper, an attempt is made based on the example of the Amur region, as the largest agricultural region of the far East, to analyze the process of transformation of the agrarian part of rural settlements in conjunction with the development of agriculture and identify possible directions of improving the management system of rural resettlement. In the work, it is noted that regional resettlement system largely evolved under the influence of the process of agricultural development and development of agricultural enterprises, determining the extent and nature of the occupation of the territory, size and structure of rural settlements. In the work analyzed the stability of agricultural settlements to the crisis in agriculture in the region processes and dynamics of restoration process.
The agri-food sector of the Russian economy is currently characterized by a qualitatively new paradigm of interstate interaction in the conditions of emergence, formation and development of supranational principles caused by intensive processes of integration of environmental factors. In a very short period of time, by the standards of world practice, individual states of the former Soviet Union made a serious breakthrough in combining their efforts to form integration structures and their subsequent institutional and infrastructural, economic, legal, and organizational and managerial evolution. The concept of “Eurasian economic integration” emerged, which is complex, multidimensional and interdisciplinary in its essence, manifests its duality through formats and implementation mechanisms that create a whole range of complex methodological scientific problems, the solution of which largely determines the development of the agricultural and food sector of the economy Russia, the effectiveness of its functioning and the depth of integration into the Eurasian agri-food system. The article attempts to develop a scientific and practical concept that systematizes the influence of external environment integration factors on the agri-food sector of the Russian economy through the mechanism of customs effects resulting from a significant change in the conditions and processes of customs regulation of the agrarian markets of the Eurasian agri-food system. Customs effects, allows you to highlight scenarios of their manifestation and justify the consequences of their impact on the agricultural sector of Russia, focus on the emergence of new risks and challenges for the state regulation of commodity exchange of agricultural products on the Russian agri-food market.
In article authors proved need of development of public-private partnership for the agrarian sector of the Russian economy. Positive and negative aspects of use of the mechanism of public-private partnership for national economy and also the main reasons constraining development of state-private development in the Russian agrarian and industrial complex are considered. The further directions of development of public-private partnership in modern conditions are defined. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of public-private partnership in formation and development of the knowledge-intensive and hi-tech production in the agrarian sector of the Russian economy.
The article deals with topical issues of assessing the impact of global climate change on agriculture. The dynamic model of climate change impact on the economy of agriculture of the Russian Federation presented in the article simulates three related processes: climate change itself, technological development of agriculture and improvement of human capital. Of particular interest is the use of this model for the design of the regulator that solves the problem of adaptive control by the criterion of minimizing the negative effects of climate change on agriculture. The model can be applied to designing of the regulator solving a problem of adaptive management of criterion of minimization of negative manifestations of climatic dynamics on agriculture. The research allowed proving that concrete weather realization of the general climatic trends can have significant effect on "price" of climatic adaptation.
Agriculture of the North Caucasus is one of the best in the structure of the regional economies. It concentrated enormous material, technical, technological, land, labour, etc. resources. Taking up only about 1‰ of the country's territory and having approximately 5.4‰ of agricultural land (sixth among macro regions of Russia), district agriculture produces about 8.2 per cent of the gross agricultural production (fifth country place among the federal districts). In some segments (production of wheat, vegetables, apples, as well as the cultivation of sheep and goats) District occupies a leading position in the country. At the same time, it should be noted that the limited land resources, the lack of inclusion of new land resources and, thus, for the expansion of agricultural land, requires changing the model of agriculture economy. Since the beginning of 2000-ies in all constituent entities of the North Caucasus started work on the design and implementation of a new investment and innovation model of agricultural development. With feature-Caucasus agriculture is that every entity elects its design in this model, based on regional characteristics (technological and institutional, historical, mental, etc.) The most important elements of an emerging development model of regional agricultural protrude main funds and everything associated with this Institute. Currently, at the expense of fixed assets achieved the growth of agricultural production is produced by the emergence of new sectors and sub-sectors in the regional agriculture. At the same time, practice shows that the influence of the core for the formation of agricultural development trajectory remains low and unsustainable because, firstly, the low level of fixed assets, and secondly, the low level of their annual updates Thirdly, weak proportions between fixed assets, etc. factors in the development of agriculture, fourthly, infringement of the periodicity of the flow of funds for renovation and modernization of fixed assets and a number of others problems. These problems require clarification of the theoretical provisions and identify empirical trends. These tasks were devoted to this study.
Modernization of the technical and information aspect of the enterprises has to form the basis of modern reforms in the field of rural economy. Article is devoted to the review of IT technologies which open new opportunities of use of the available resources in branches of agriculture. Fundamentals of IT technologies are various computer programs, applications or software. All methods and plans of production of these or those products in the form of mathematical models and methods of information processing are presented to them. It is shown that the technological base and introduction of new information developments agricultural productions develops intensively.
Digitalization of economy and the social sphere act as strategic priorities of development of rural territories of Russia. Digital inequality and significant interregional differences in use by the population of digital services remain. A research objective is the quantitative analysis of the factors promoting and interfering increase in a share of the country people using the Internet for receiving the public and municipal digital services in the field of health care and medicine. Methods of the cluster analysis are applied; assessment of regression models for different classes of regions is executed. Results of statistical observation concerning use by the population of information technologies and information telecommunication networks of Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) were information base of a research. For research objectives selection which included 68 regions of Russia, basic data previously normalizeв is created. Assessment of regression models is executed with use of a package of statistical data processing of STATISTICA 10. The carried-out analysis revealed significant interregional differences. Results demonstrate that increase in Internet access in rural areas promotes growth of a share of the country people receiving the public and municipal services in an electronic form in regions of the first group. Increase in number of room phones of public network at 1000 people contains growth of users of digital services in rural areas.