The growth of the potential of agriculture and rural agriculture and their development is one of the most important ways to ensure the economic security of the State. In the regions of agrarian specialization, rural territories perform productive, demographic, labour and spatial communication functions, stimulate the growth of the competitiveness of the economy and ensure food security. In modern conditions, strategic planning is the most important instrument for the formation of topical goals and tasks of socio-economic development of rural areas, both at the level of the country as a whole and of individual agrarian-oriented regions. In the process of planning it is necessary to form parameters of probable scenarios of development of rural economy, which should become a driver of growth for many sectors and sectors of the domestic economic system. Agricultural industry organizations, now key economic actors with the bulk of the able-bodied rural population, have to deal in the short term with such problems as the development of new markets for products and agricultural raw materials; Building sustainable links on mutually beneficial terms with food industry; Limited resources of small and medium-sized agricultural producers for the development of promising developments and technologies; Lack of interaction with educational institutions and the scientific community. There is therefore a need in modern realities to establish a mechanism for the integrated development of rural areas, which gives an active role to State authorities, based on an integrated inter-agency approach in achieving the planned values of targets and implementing programme activities.
In order to stimulate agri-food exports, Russia is forming an appropriate set of measures of a financial and non-financial nature. These measures are program-targeted and infrastructural in nature, designed to provide exporters with resources to support the competitiveness of their products. The article describes the mechanisms of state export support of the Russian Federation, their goals and directions of activity. Recommendations are offered on improving the effectiveness of state measures to stimulate agricultural exports of the Russian Federation in modern conditions. The article also analyzes measures to support the agri-food export of foreign countries (USA, EU and Canada). The problems and obstacles in the development of domestic agricultural exports are identified. It has been established that the most effective development of national agricultural exports is carried out with a combination of program and institutional methods for its management. The paper gives examples of providing state support to national exporters of agricultural products: credit insurance, opening a credit line, reimbursement of costs for transportation of products, the introduction of uniform certification rules. The conclusion is made about the unstable development of national exports of agricultural products due to the lack of a significant increase in export volumes and the invariance of its geographical structure. During the study, the following methods were used: comparative, tabular interpretation of data, logical, historical, deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis.
It is shown that the main obstacle to the wide spread of innovations is the imperfection of the institutional environment: the lack of necessary rules and regulations of innovation in agriculture; the fragmentation of the activities of scientific, training and other organizations; inefficient work of consulting organizations available only in a few regions; weak influence of the authorities on this. It is shown that the problem lies in the slightly changed perceptions of people who make and implement decisions on the development of innovative activities, on the need for radical changes in the organization of innovative activities. The importance of the legal support of such activities in the new competitive environment is shown, since it is under the influence of laws that most people start master and implement the new behaviour necessary for a new stage in the development of social relations in general and rural whom the economy in particular. Accordingly, the work substantiates the need for decentralization of the state organizational and economic impact on the innovative development of agriculture in Russia. It is shown that for this it is necessary to increase the significance of the subjects of the Russian Federation. It is advisable to create regional funds for agricultural development in them. It is necessary to develop agricultural consulting in the part of ensuring the adaptation of innovations to the conditions of activity of agricultural businesses and bringing to all these businesses technological instructions for implementing innovations and more. The necessity of legislative zing the activities of these funds and other key participants in the innovative development of agriculture, material support for this activity, changing legal relations between participants in the creation, testing and large-scale dissemination of innovations in agriculture, training them in these innovations is substantiated.
The investigation is aimed at determining the most effective lines and mechanisms of stimulating the investment activity in agriculture with an account of the regional context. The changes made in the mechanisms and instruments of the state support of Agro industrial Complex within the departmental project of “The Stimulation of Investment Activity in Agro industrial Complex” had a positive impact on attraction of private investments in agriculture. The index of actual volume of investments in fixed capital totalled 121.5‰ from the level of 2015. However, the budget funds allocated on the support of investments are still not linked to the production indicators of the regions, they do not contribute to reducing the differentiation of economic entities and certain territories in investment of agricultural production. In 2018 the share of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) in soft investment loans constituted as little as 3.4‰ of the total loan amount, in subsidies on the reimbursement of the part of direct incurred expenses on construction and modernization of the dairy complexes (farms) – 14.4‰, on the greenhouse complexes – 4.9‰, respectively, that is well below the contribution of the District in the production of agricultural produce. The mechanism of state support of technical re-equipment of agro industrial production has been considered. The necessity of stimulating the private investments by elaborating the complex investment projects (programs) of development of agribusiness with the participation of not only large but also medium and small-sized enterprises has been substantiated. Their implementation should be carried out on the basis of project management and the financing of the projects – on the principles of the public-private partnership.
On the basis of a synthesis of domestic and foreign experience in the development of reindeer husbandry, indicators for assessing the effectiveness of reindeer husbandry were systematized and factors affecting efficiency were analysed. The effect on efficiency of breeding type, size and structure of herd, diversification of production, fodder base, selection work, channels of sale of products, etc., is shown. According to 18 farms of the Altay Territory, the impact of reindeer husbandry on the profitability of organizations is shown. In order to increase the efficiency of reindeer husbandry, comprehensive development of production, processing and marketing of products is necessary. In order to control the increase in the number of deer and to preserve pasture from overgrazing, subsidies must be allocated for the actual number of deer within the permissible number.
Increased food consumption increases the need for feed and the need to increase the economic efficiency of food production. Of particular importance is the increase in the production of dairy, meat and other livestock products, the basis of which is effective fodder production. Fodder production provided fodder for livestock production and, in addition, increased crop productivity in crop production through the use of crop companies, as well as the preservation of land and soil fertility. The article analyzes the volume of production, cost and financial results from the sale of feed crops in collective farms of the Irkutsk region on average for 2015-2017. The study focused on the nutritional value of fodders and the analysis of their cost when converting fodders to the same value in terms of protein. In addition, the impact of feed crop yields on cost was analyzed. Based on the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop, strengthen and improve fodder production by increasing the volume of production and improving the quality of produced fodders. Investments in feed processing and infrastructure facilities are urgently needed for this industry. The development of fodder production is possible only if technical modernization is provided at all stages of fodder production.
For modern domestic agricultural production, the development of service infrastructure and new organizational forms of service for agricultural producers becomes essential. Specifics of infrastructure of maintenance of agricultural machinery, cars and the equipment in Altai Krai are shown, the main problems of its development connected with seasonality of agricultural work in crop production, the level of financial stability of business and conditions of interaction of producers and recipients of services are revealed. One of the main reasons for this situation is the low purchasing power of the agricultural business. Technical service services include information about equipment, operations for its sale, repair, installation and adjustment, maintenance, storage of machines, provision of spare parts, materials, disposal, etc. They are provided by institutions and organizations of infrastructure, including manufacturers, intermediaries, including dealers of these plants, repair plants, maintenance stations, information search systems, reference, advertising and information and consulting services and others. This system is based on manufacturers. In the Altay region, the only region of Siberia, the tractor production of the full cycle, including harvesting, metallurgical, assembly segments and engine production, was formed, a cluster of agricultural mechanical engineering was created, which included research institutions. The main directions of solving the identified problems are defined, which are based on legal and organizational aspects of their interaction and taking into account the specialization of infrastructure facilities and their dependence, including on the location of production of certain cultures.
The transformation of the Russian economy makes it necessary to revise approaches to accelerating the stages of innovative development of meat and dairy cattle breeding. For the comprehensive revival of the livestock industry, significant funds are needed for the renewal of the material and technical base, the purchase of highly productive animals, etc. Without judicial regulation, meat and dairy products are low-cost and even loss-making. It was therefore necessary to improve the price mechanism at the State level and to establish a fair price that would reimburse agricultural producers for costs and generate profits. The article covers the results of a comprehensive study of the size of the livestock industry in the Belgorod region. The dynamics of animal population indicators, their productivity, gross production of livestock products and the main factors affecting their growth or reduction have been studied. Problems related to the low quality of livestock products and the decline in the efficiency of livestock production in general have been identified, and the main reasons for their occurrence have been investigated. The directions and trends of livestock production development are defined, the role of the state in regulating the processes taking place in the industry is reflected.
The functioning of the dairy industry in the Altay region has historically been traditional, with the main dairy products being butter and Altai solid-fraction cheeses. In recent decades, the industry has experienced some difficulties in reducing its raw material base as a result of a sharp decline in the number of dairy herds and a low level of marketing of raw milk. In order to function effectively, processing organizations with a total number of more than 30 units are actively pursuing an investment policy, which consists more in the modernization of dairy equipment. A large part goes to the development of transport logistics infrastructure. The increase in the production of dairy products is facilitated by the continuation of modernization of existing production facilities and the introduction of the latest technologies. Based on traditional biotechnologies, secondary dairy raw materials are actively used in processing in the province. The bulk of dairy products are exported to Kazakhstan and other CIS countries. Due to the fact that Kazakhstan and China are geographically close to the Altai region, logistics transport costs for export of products to these regions are lower than to most regions of Russia and other foreign countries.
The agricultural industry has low productivity and high dependence on technology imports. The possibilities of agribusiness modernization are huge, there are real needs for innovation. The introduction of information technologies in the frame of the Digital Agriculture project proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation can contribute to the solution of these issues. In this project it is planned to form and develop national platforms of digital state management of agro-industrial complex, including module "Agro-solutions," sectoral network educational environment "Land of knowledge." Free access to information bases will reduce the costs of enterprises by optimizing all processes in agricultural production, which in turn will increase productivity and productivity. During the implementation of the Digital Agriculture project, it is planned to constantly interact with various federal and regional executive bodies, which will allow to quickly identify problems and comprehensively develop measures for effective interaction with agro-industrial enterprises. The platforms created will provide control over the quantity and quality of products produced, as well as processing and logistics. It will be possible to monitor in real time issues of state support of agribusiness enterprises, implementation of agricultural insurance and lending.