The current agrarian policy in relation to small business forms in the current geopolitical conditions does not provide them with expanded reproduction. Most of them carry out low-profit or unprofitable production. To develop their activities, it is not enough to support individual producers; agricultural cooperation is an effective direction. Currently, the activities of agricultural consumer cooperatives are limited, as a rule, by the region of their location, they are small in number of members, and they have insufficient fixed and working capital. Ensuring the priority of agricultural cooperation in the areas of state agrarian policy contributes to the support of various types of cooperatives, in particular supply and service cooperatives, and an increase in their volumes and directions.
In the current conditions of anti-Russian sanctions for agricultural business, its further systematic functioning does not seem possible without developed agriculture, which is the main component of economic potential and has a significant impact on the well-being of the country's population. For the agricultural sector to develop successfully, regulation and support of this sector of the economy from the state is necessary. In this article, the authors define the features of the development of agricultural production in Russia as a whole, present and analyze the indicators of agricultural output in recent years. An analysis of the indicators of the volume of state support for agricultural production in Russia is carried out, and the leading regions in terms of the amount of budget funding allocated to them are identified. The structure of distributed federal subsidies between the districts of Russia in 2024 is clearly presented. The authors note that agricultural regions located in favorable climatic conditions are not always distinguished by an effective organization of agricultural production and are leaders in receiving budget subsidies. In the article, the authors outline the current new main directions of state support for agricultural producers in Russia. The efficiency of agricultural production development is inextricably linked with the use of modern digital technologies, and the state should support the introduction of these modern science-intensive technologies in the agro-industrial complex.
The article is devoted to assessing the investment attractiveness of agriculture in Russia and the EAEU member states. The authors consider the existing scientific and practical approaches to determining and evaluating investment attractiveness. It is noted that these approaches practically do not take into account the peculiarities of agriculture, as well as the impact of the development of integration processes on investment activity. The authors consider the main directions of the economic development of the EAEU until 2030, emphasizing the importance of investment cooperation between the countries and increasing their investment attractiveness. The authors propose an algorithm for assessing the investment attractiveness of agriculture in the EAEU member states. The indices of investment potentials (land, labor, production, consumer, financial) and financial, economic and social risks of the EAEU member states has been assessed over the past ten years. The assessment of the investment attractiveness of agriculture in the EAEU member states based on the proposed methodology showed that the leader in the rating is the Republic of Belarus, whose investment potential indicators are at a high level. In 2024, the Russian Federation is in second place, with a high level of consumer and labor potential, as well as a low level of investment risks. The third place is occupied by the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has significant land potential and minimal financial, economic and social risks. The agricultural sector of the Republics of Armenia and Kyrgyzstan has low investment attractiveness. The decomposition by potentials and risks revealed positive trends and problems to increase investment attractiveness and enhance investment activity in the EAEU.
The article examines some theoretical and practical aspects of development institutions and their impact on the formation of social, economic and technological structures in agro-industrial production. Considering approaches to the concept of "way of life", it is noted that it is advisable to adjust the policy of forming development institutions in the agro-industrial complex due to the distortion in the structure of the financial market and the actual predominance of the credit system that arose during the formation of the market model of the economy. It is noted that the actions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which can and should be considered not only as a financial market mega-regulator, but also as a development institution, to reduce entrepreneurial activity in 2022-2024 by overestimating the key rate negatively affected the level of innovation activity of agricultural producers, as well as a decrease in the share of agricultural organizations., carrying out technological innovations in production.
The methodological approach to assessing the effects of clustering for residents of an agro-industrial park is aimed at identifying the operational efficiency of the organization within this structure, determining the effects of resource concentration, the presence of which confirms the long-term efficiency of the organization within the agro-industrial park and the effects associated with tax deductions that characterize the social effects of the organization. Summarizing the results obtained, it should be noted that the analysis of the implemented projects of agro-industrial parks in Russia allows us to identify projects at different stages of implementation; for projects that started more than 10 years ago, it is typical to have residents from large businesses. The assessment of clustering effects for residents of agro-industrial parks showed that projects at the maturity stage have resource concentration, excess of gross cost-benefit ratios over industry averages, and excess of tax deductions over industry averages. The conducted studies confirm the effectiveness of network coordination of the functioning of business entities operating in the field of agriculture and food production; this form of coordination can be an alternative to hierarchical holding forms. The characteristics of the effectiveness of activities within agro-industrial parks can lead to the migration of business entities and the formation of a certain specialization of the region.
The article considers the main directions of grain market development in the Siberian Federal District and in the Novosibirsk Region in particular are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the development of interstate grain relations (export). Additional incentives for the development of interstate and interregional grain relations were found in grain production in connection with the adoption of the federal project "Export of Agricultural Products". The article presents the main factors hindering the development of grain exports. Possible prospects for the development of grain product markets in the regions of the Siberian Federal District are determined. In the coming years, the priority in the development of grain product exports should be a shift in emphasis from grain export to increasing the export of deep industrial processing grain products with high added value (flour, compound feed, etc.), as well as diversification of raw material exports (export of winter rye, legumes and other grains). For agricultural producers, the problem of simplifying access to interregional and external (foreign) markets, providing infrastructure support for interstate grain relations that do not require additional transaction costs from grain producers is currently relevant. An important role in solving this problem is played by effective and efficient marketing.
The demand for fish depends on a large number of factors. The study and management of these factors is an important part of food policy. There are many explanations for the motives of consumers of fish products, but many of them take into account only monetary factors of demand, such as income, prices, inflation, etc. Although there is a lot of evidence that non-monetary, qualitative factors of socio-cultural, psychological and other non-monetary origin also have a strong influence on fish consumption. This paper continues the study of spatial heterogeneities in fish demand in the Russian Federation, the results of which were published in previous issues of the journal. Our goal is to identify and quantify regional differences in consumption of fish products due to the non-monetary component of demand. This study is based on well-known theoretical approaches and standard methods for studying consumer demand in their new interpretation, which makes it possible to numerically assess the spatial differentiation of demand for fish products, which is caused by the action of non-monetary factors. The results of this work were the ranking of Russian regions according to the degree of attractiveness for fish consumers, in terms of the influence of non-financial factors, as well as determining the level of actual use of these factors. The results of this study can be useful for the transition from simple and abstract models that describe the demand for fish in terms of a limited number of factors to more adequate management structures.
Flax production is being considered in the Bryansk, Pskov, Smolensk, Vitebsk, Gomel and Mogilev regions. These regions are geographically regions of the Russian-Belarusian border area. The relevance of the research topic is due to historical traditions, accumulated experience in the development of the flax sector of the economy, and modern scientific and technological capabilities in this field. In addition, linen fabrics and flax products for other industries contribute to the process of import substitution. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the potential of these regions and their prospects in the flax sector. The article briefly discusses the rich cultural and historical foundations of the development of flax production in the border regions. Based on statistical data, the indicators of the development of the flax sector in the Russian-Belarusian border area have been studied: the acreage of flax, the yield, the gross harvest of flax, the production of linen fabrics and others. The regions were compared according to these indicators. The current state and prospects of the flax industry development in the regions of the Russian-Belarusian border are analyzed. At the same time, the peculiarities (scientific, technological, personnel) of each region in this sector of the economy are highlighted. The regions were compared according to these indicators. The current state and prospects of the flax industry development in the regions of the Russian-Belarusian border are analyzed. At the same time, the peculiarities (scientific, technological, personnel) of each region in this sector of the economy are highlighted. A comparison of flax products from three Russian and one Belarusian enterprises is carried out: its positive aspects and some disadvantages are considered. An analysis of the discussion on the development of the flax industry showed significant efforts by scientists from Russia and Belarus aimed at breeding flax seeds, increasing its yield, and preserving the environment. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn on the prospects for the development of this sector in the Russian and Belarusian regions, as well as cross-border cooperation of flax enterprises.
The article substantiates the need to provide the population with dairy products according to rational standards. Insufficient levels of population consumption of dairy products and self-sufficiency in milk were noted. The regions of the Russian Federation were grouped according to the level of consumption of dairy products by the population (in terms of milk) in 2023. A significant differentiation in the consumption of dairy products by the population of various regions of the Russian Federation has been revealed. The factors that influence the amount of consumption of milk and dairy products are highlighted: the volume of domestic milk production, household incomes, prices for milk and dairy products, habits of the population, the level of development of the market infrastructure. The indicator of purchasing power of the population by region is calculated, which is correlated with the amount of consumption of dairy products in the regions of the Russian Federation. The regions of the Russian Federation were grouped according to the level of milk production per capita in 2023. The relationship between consumption and milk production in the region has been established. The formation of groups of regions by production per capita occurred due to the influence of factors such as population size, productivity and cow population. The results of the two groupings allowed us to identify 5 types of regions of the Russian Federation, depending on the ratio of consumption and production. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop measures to ensure the physical and economic accessibility of dairy products for the population of various regions of the Russian Federation.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems and prospects of infrastructure development in rural agglomerations of the Kamchatka Territory, which are subject to significant transport constraints. Based on identified spatial disparities in the availability of basic transport, social, and digital infrastructure, the study reveals systemic barriers to development, including the seasonality of transport links, high remoteness from key administrative centers, and extreme climatic conditions. It is demonstrated that conventional unified models of infrastructure development are ineffective for rural areas with specific geographical characteristics. The paper substantiates the need to shift to an adaptive and resilient planning model focused on the integration of autonomous solutions, digitalization of key processes, and the creation of multimodal logistics systems. Practice-oriented mechanisms for enhancing infrastructure potential are proposed, based on the principles of prioritization and comprehensiveness, allowing for the formation of a coherent strategy for territorial development under limited transport accessibility. It is concluded that the implementation of such approaches is essential to overcoming spatial isolation, improving the quality of life, and ensuring the sustainable socio-economic growth of rural areas in Kamchatka.