Depopulation processes are observed in the rural areas of the Russian Federation. In these conditions, an increasing number of economic entities in the agrarian sphere use robotics. This allows soothing this problem, improving production and economic indicators. The article summarizes the results of the study of rural areas of the Russian Federation, where robotics is used in agrarian production. The study aims to identify the general characteristics of these territories, their isolation from cities and the proportion of the rural population in them. This makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of decision-making on development and introduction of innovative agricultural development programs, and to increase the effectiveness of robotization of the agrarian sector of the economy. The study covers all regions of the Russian Federation, where robots are used in agriculture, 71 municipal units, 103 economic entities. As of January 1, 2017, 393 robots were used in the agrarian sector of the economy, primarily in animals milking. The conception and classification of rural areas is the most fully described within the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. A significant number (39‰) of economic entities using robotics is located not far (up to 80 km) from regional centers. This is due to as the need of entities to overcome the shortage of the personnel because of a high level of labour migration to cities, and as the availability of a necessary infrastructure for service of robotics. The maximum density of robotics is observed in areas with a share of the rural population of 15-50‰, the minimum - with a share of the rural population of more than 50‰. According to the isolation criterion, the maximum density of robotics is observed in mixed suburban (114.0) and mixed remote (94.2) territories. This is explained with the fact that agricultural organizations in suburban areas have a significant shortage of personnel and are forced to use robotics. Remote rural areas have the minimum density of robotization (50.4), which necessitates the development and use of the mechanism, and higher priority for robotization to overcome technological inferiority and stagnation processes.
In article the existing methodical approaches according to efficiency of investments into technical and technological modernization of agricultural production are considered and adapted. At assessment of efficiency of investments into technical and technological modernization of agricultural production it is possible to proceed from two various situations: stage-by-stage investment depending on financial opportunities and existence of necessary technical means; full formation of technical base. The efficiency and riskiness of investments is offered to be estimated on the basis of the combination of the "tree of decisions" method and various scenarios providing calculation of population mean of the net discounted income of the project and degree of its riskiness defined as the probability of unprofitability of investments.
The study made analytical calculations for groups and indicators proving that in modern conditions of agricultural production is not always the scale of production determine its effectiveness. Efficiency in unstable economic systems is determined by the level of organization of agricultural production, the coherence of managers and chief specialists. In addition, it is shown that in stable economic conditions the scale effect has a certain impact on the profitability of agricultural production. We are talking primarily about self-sustaining agricultural organizations. The paper proves the influence of the level of specialization on the profitability of agricultural production. Despite the fact that due to the high level of diversification of agricultural production, agricultural organizations have a low level of specialization, calculations show that the profitability and level of specialization are directly dependent. The paper presents a comparative description of farms producing grain using intensive technology and biological farming system. The biological system of agriculture has undeniable advantages here, due to the more pronounced influence of technology, scale of production and the level of its specialization on the profitability of production.
The purpose of the study is to study the influence of macroeconomic factors and changes in market conditions on the economic efficiency of production and the competitiveness of livestock products. In the process of research, economic and statistical research methods were used, as well as the method of expert assessments. There are analysis of the current state of livestock and the factors determining the economic efficiency of production. It is established that the profit from the sale of milk for 2013-2017 increased by more than 2.5 times and amounted to 520 roubles / c. The profitability of the production of meat of pigs and poultry of all kinds increased 4.3 and 2.7 times, reaching 2,321 roubles per cent in pig breeding and 844 roubles per cent in meat poultry farming. Trends and features of the development of the domestic market for animal products in the context of the introduction of international sanctions were reflected. Import of pork for 2013-2017 was reduced by 54.6‰ to 281.2 thousand tons, meat and offal of a bird for 56.5‰ to 229.0 thousand tons. meat large and small cattle for 45.1‰ and 68.3‰. The effect of the volatility of the national currency on the formation of profits and competitive advantages of domestic products is substantiated. On the basis of the study, proposed measures to improve competitiveness and sustainable development of the industry.
Consumption of meat and meat products in a particular region depends on many factors, starting with the climatic conditions and ending with the availability of the product for the population. The article presents the dynamics of meat production in the Siberian Federal District for the period from 1990 to 2016, the level of its production per capita of the district and their self-sufficiency in the population of the district. Trends of development of production of meat by types are revealed. The analysis of the consumption of meat and meat products by the population of the district was carried out, based on rational consumption norms; its deviations from the norm were calculated. The data on the import and export of meat in the Siberian Federal District are given. The forecast indicators of production and the necessary volumes of meat by types for self-sufficiency of the region until 2030 are calculated, using the balance method. Prospects were developed for the further development of meat production, using the example of the Novosibirsk region, for each species separately, and measures for the further development of meat production.
For the scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector, there is a need for workers with critical competencies. Critical competencies of employees are the most popular set of knowledge and skills in a particular area to ensure the change of technological way of life. Online data of labour exchanges can become an indicator of the personnel needs of employers in the agricultural sector. In this work, these data were used from the site of Russia's largest exchange Head Hunter. In order to determine the features of employers ' requirements to critical competencies, the article provides intellectual analysis of information from vacancies for the agricultural sector and other sectors of the economy. The author proposed to divide all competencies into groups: intellectual and educational, communicative, motivational and volitional, management, network interaction, environmental. The paper describes these groups on the basis of announcements of employers of the agricultural sector. The great demand and branch specifics on critical competences of the different directions of economic activity are found. The most popular in the agricultural sector were the competence of intellectual and educational, management and networking. 10.02 ‰ of announcements for this sector contain requirements for environmental competencies, despite the low level of demand for them, it should be noted that in such sectors as the IT sector, the mining industry, the financial sector, they are completely absent.
For the purpose of increase in efficiency of development of regional beekeeping, the analysis of a condition of the industry and also the factors affecting dynamics of its development in the Belgorod region is carried out. In work branch features of functioning of beekeeping and dynamics of selling of its products, mechanisms of interaction of agricultural producers and processing enterprises, legal and information support of subjects of managing, development of social and production infrastructure of the industry, training of qualified personnel in the explored region are described. During the carried-out analysis it was succeeded to establish that in structure of production of products of beekeeping the main role is played by individual (country) farms to which share on statistical data more than 90‰ of the gross and marketable products of the industry. For maintaining social stability and economic growth of small farms, their involvement in the cooperative relations is important. The author developed the concept of creation of a cooperative cluster of regional beekeeping which model can be used when developing and updating regional target programs of development of the branch of beekeeping.
Models for regulating the volume of grain sales for export were evaluated. The trends of price relations and the price mechanism of the domestic market of agricultural products are analyzed. Theoretical and methodological provisions of the regulation of the external market and price relations of export-oriented organizations have been developed, taking into account the need to form them on the basis of a long-term strategy for the development of foreign markets; formation of a system of high-tech export-oriented organizations, cluster structures; systems of price regulation indicators; capitalization of revenues from export operations for technical and technological development. To prevent volatility and reduce prices for agricultural products, it was proposed to expand the list and conduct procurement interventions of agricultural products on the domestic market of the region of Siberia. Preventing market risks is associated with the need to implement a system of measures to reduce the disparity of prices for industrial goods and services and prices of agricultural producers, harmonious relations in the system of organizations of the technological platform of the agro-food cluster, increasing the purchasing power of a significant part of the population. The implementation of the research results will ensure the formation of positive dynamics of financial flows, the formation of the financial sustainability of organizations of the agrarian sector of Siberia
Target programs are the important tool of socially oriented economic policy of the state which efficiency of realization can be reached only in case, stimulating production, and, providing employment of the population, the program does not contradict the concept of the market relations. When developing target programs and a program and target method of management many face such problems as: not readiness of selection criteria and assessment of their efficiency, lack of definiteness in development of technology of providing programs with financial, personnel, material resources, etc. that causes the need for researches on the specified directions. To study theoretical fundamentals of regional policy, to designate essence of regional development, the place and a role of target programs in social and economic development. In a research the analysis of social and economic development of the region was carried out and the target programs realized in the region in the agrarian and industrial complex sphere are considered. On the example of the existing target program assessment of efficiency and feasibility of investment projects of alleged participants is made, the budgetary efficiency of programs is calculated. The new scheme of selection of participants of programs is offered. As a result of a research recommendations about improvement of regional policy, the offer on updating of the existing programs of development of subjects are developed and also the directions of development which require attention are defined.