The article provides an assessment of the level of implementation of the development of agro-food exports in Russia and a comparison of the parameters of the current forecasts with the current indicators of implementation of national projects. A retrospective review of the quantitative parameters of scenarios and forecasts of the development of Russian exports of agro-food products in state planning documents and proposed by domestic researchers was carried out from the point of view of their correlation with the established goals of the state agro-food policy. The quality of forecasts in indicative planning of agro-food exports and in the period of transition to program-targeted planning in 2018 was evaluated. The analysis of trends in the volume of agro-industrial exports was carried out, including the construction of a general trend model for 2001-2018, the testing of the hypothesis on the uniformity of the sample and the presence of the point of intervention of the time series in 2010 and the extrapolated for the period up to 2024. The trust limits of the export forecast do not include the target value specified by the national project passport. An analysis of the intensity of change and concentration of the structure of agro-food exports was carried out, including a retrospective analysis for 2001-2017 and an estimate of the forecast change of the structure by commodity groups in 2024. Using the Ryabtsev coefficient, the presence of more intensive and significant target structural changes in 2024 was proved, Compared to actual changes in the periods 2001-2009 and 2011-2017. That the target diversification of agro-food exports in 2024, estimated using the Herfindal-Hirschman index, exceeds the values achieved in 2001-2017 due to the concentration of grain exports.
The article addressed the reasons for the economic growth of agriculture from 1999 to 2000, as compared to industry and the economy as a whole. The main method of research is analysis of scientific data. In 2000-2017, the production growth rate in industry, according to the Russian Statistical Agency, was generally lower than the growth rate in agriculture and, in particular, lower than the growth rate in production in agricultural organizations, despite fluctuations in natural and climatic conditions. While, in general, the principle of minimum economic interference in the post-Soviet period were used by the Government in agriculture? This economic policy of the State was significantly differed from policy towards other industries. Agriculture was one of the few industries to introduce credit subsidies in the early 2000s. Agricultural producers are exempt from income taxes, and VAT on agricultural products was set at 10‰. For agriculture since 2006 there has been a national project on agro-industrial complex, as well as two successive state development programs with the volume of financing of about 200 billion roubles in the period 2013-2018. It is shown that this advance is mainly related with some facts. 1) The investments at affordable prices were relatively more affordable due to government subsidies. 2) More efficient technologies were more accessible to manufacturers. 3) Tax burden was lower. 4) Elasticity of food demand by income is higher. 5) Imports sharply reduced in 2013-2014 as a result of devaluation of the Russian rouble. 6) Agro-industrial integration started to develop. 7) The agrarian policies were more effective than state macroeconomic and industrial policies.
The article defines the role and place of the Centrosoyuz of the Russian Federation in the system of food supply, the development of procurement activities of consumer cooperation, the direction of work of consumer cooperatives, societies and unions in the formation of food resources, and analyses the prerequisites for the expansion of procurement activities of consumer societies. Special attention is paid to the processing of perishable agricultural products and wild forest mushrooms, brusks, blueberries, blueberries, cranberries, as well as medicinal and technical raw materials. The development of the material and technical base for the processing of milk, livestock, the development of confectionery products, semi-finished products, soft drinks in the system of consumer societies has been analyzed, the infrastructure for the development of public catering in consumer cooperation has been studied, a review of the procurement activities of cooperative organizations has been made, reserves have been opened and promising vectors for increasing the efficiency of using the available potential have been formulated. The directions for the development of cooperation and integration in the sphere of expansion of purchases of agricultural products and wild-growing plants have been formulated. Russia had large natural resources of wild-growing plants on natural areas of forests and marshes, the collection of which was poorly organized. As a result, the food market does not supplement substantial amounts of environmentally friendly wild production. The market for wild-growing plants and the regulatory framework are lagging behind. Organizational and economic measures were not sufficiently implemented to encourage the cultivation, harvesting and processing of wild fruits, berries, mushrooms, nuts and other products.
The article is devoted to the problems that are becoming more relevant as we move into the global agricultural sector of technologies that replace the work of family groups. The analysis of the views of Russian and foreign agricultural scientists on the problem of family commodity production is carried out. It reveals the essential characteristics of family farming. The main problems of the state programs of support of small forms of economy are revealed. A comparative analysis of the agricultural practices of Russia and the United States is carried out. The authors expressed their opinion on the correlation and functional limits of large agribusiness and small forms of agricultural organization. On the basis of the first introduced into scientific circulation material of the sample survey of Russian farms and the results of the all-Russian agricultural census, the article substantiates the conclusion about the preservation in the modern multi-layered rural economy of a significant place of family commodity farms, which demonstrate not only their natural advantages, but also adaptability to new technologies and market conditions.
Agricultural producers have the greatest difficulties in carrying out activities in the market and the promotion and sale of finished products to the final consumer. This is mainly due to the underdevelopment of market institutions and the fact that the agro-food market is influenced by a combination of various external and internal factors. In this regard, there is a need to develop a conceptual framework for the development of the agro-food market in Siberia taking into account inter-regional and international food relations. The concept of development of the regional agro-food market defines the main directions, methods and methods of economic manoeuvre to achieve the goals. The article presents the methodological basis of scientific substantiation of the concept of development of the regional agro-food market. The General economic factors, as well as factors of regional and intraregional nature, influencing the development of the agro-food market are indicated. A range of unresolved production problems, including issues of improving the structure of agricultural production, has been identified. The areas of specialization and placement of agricultural production in the subjects of the Russian Federation of Siberia are forming the main volumes of agricultural products. The current situation on grain, potatoes and vegetables, meat products, import of food products from abroad is presented and the main partner countries, their share in the foreign trade turnover of Siberia are identified. The main tasks of development of the agro-food market and perspective directions of interstate and interregional food relations of subjects of the Russian Federation of Siberia are allocated.
It is impossible to recognize Russia as the country with civilized market economy as the exclusive sector and a banking system "extort" economic resources from other industries of economy and in the first queue from not monopolized agriculture. The president V. Putin obliged to increase by 2024 export of agricultural products of Russia to 45 billion dollars. Successfully it is possible to carry out the task set by V. Putin if on a voluntary basis to integrate in Russia all commodity small farms, more than 60‰ of all agricultural products which are unorganized supplying to the market of the country manufacturing up to 93–95‰ of potatoes and vegetables in Russia, having created the specialized agricultural production and trade cooperatives of the Scandinavian type on their basis. On the basis of other 5–7‰ of the remained area under potatoes and vegetables of the open ground occupied with averages and large agricultural organizations it is reasonable to create the agro-industrial enterprises (control devices for pre-launch and launching) (type of CJSC Ozyory of the Ozyorsk district the potato chips and associations implementing the cheapest in the world (agro-industrial associations of holding type "Dmitrovsky vegetables" implementing peeled and leaves for the first time in the world the set vacuumized "borshchevy" in retail retail chain stores as this 1st purely Slavic dish.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are an integral part of modern man's diet. However, most of the world’s adult population, including Russia, listened little to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and did not pay much attention to food and health. There was a need to increase the demand for fruits and vegetables in order to achieve the minimum physiological standard recommended by scientific medicine. In Russia, the level of the minimum rate of vegetable consumption is lower than in the international standard, although this indicator is directly related to the population's health criteria and also affects the development of the vegetable growing industry as a whole. During the study the authors used the materials of official statistics and a number of Russian and foreign analytical companies, on the basis of which calculations and conclusions were made. According to the results of the work carried out, the actual consumption of vegetables varies from the statistical one and remains significantly below the minimum one. Ensuring the level of consumption of vegetables by the population to the standards recommended by scientific medicine is one of the important State tasks affecting the aspects of health care, sustainable development of vegetable and seed production industries and rural development, import substitution and, in general, food security of the country.
In contrast to the all-Russian practice, a progressive type of reproduction of the population took shape in the North Caucasus Federal District, with its characteristic high rates of natural movement and a considerable supply of labour. All constituencies of the District are agrarian regions, so the rural areas are traditionally characterized by their main problems: intensive negative migration, lack of jobs, low employment of the population, unemployment and relatively low standard of living. The set of natural, climatic, economic, and social factors was studied, which largely determined not only the features of settlement, but also the structure of production activities. The author presents and analyzes the main socio-demographic characteristics: the gender and age structure of the population, the dynamics of the population until 2036, and life expectancy. Among the socio-economic characteristics of the considered growth rates of jobs, including high-performance and their relationship with the dynamics of labour supply, the level of tension in the rural labour market, the dynamics of employment, unemployment. For an objective description of the standard of living, the indicator was calculated: «the proportion of the population with incomes below the established regional subsistence minimum». On the basis of the study, proposals were made for improving the socio-economic situation and demographic processes.
This paper presents an algorithm for determining significant indicators for the level of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas, based on the use of regression analysis. The proposed algorithm includes five successive stages: the collection of primary statistical data (the creation of an information array for conducting regression analysis); primary database analysis; building models (selection of the best); verification of model specification selection (assessment of the significance of regression parameters and the quality of the model as a whole); determining the results of econometric research (the representation of models in the form of an equation; the economic interpretation of regression estimates). Significant indicators for the level of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas are: the volume of agricultural production; the amount of investment in fixed assets; total population; the number of non-gasified settlements; the amount of living space commissioned; the proportion of children of the municipality who are registered for determination in a pre-school educational institution; the value of the average monthly wage. The practical value of the study lies in the application of the results obtained in the strategic planning of rural areas, contributing to an increase in their socio-economic sustainability, an increase in the well-being of rural residents and an improvement in the quality of living in rural areas.
In a market economy, business success depended, first of all, on the ability to effectively use the advantages of public forms of production organization. Significant opportunities for the successful development of agricultural organizations and their financial sustainability were available in taking advantage of diversification of production, effective interaction and complementarity among the various sectors of the economy. The study used methods: statistical, abstract-logical, expert assessments. A model for the development of agricultural farms based on diversification of production had been developed and their economic and social effectiveness had been shown. The experience of advanced farms confirms the expediency of improving the spatial development of productive forces by creating a closed technological chain within farms: raw material cultivation - processing - production of finished products - sale. A new concept of farm management is needed. It should be based on the principle of ensuring the effective use of land.