The relevance of the research topic is due to the further transformation of the Russian economy and its individual industries, which are based on fundamentally new methods of management with the use of modern digital and information technologies. Modernization of traditional production sectors of agriculture and creates the basis for the formation of a modern and efficient functioning market of scientific and technical products in Russia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to consider the methodological issues of development and improvement of the market of scientific products in the framework of the formation of new economic systems and the transition of the agro-industrial complex of Russia to the most effective and environmentally friendly technologies. The main results of the study is the author's generalization of the views of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the formation, development and effective functioning of the market of scientific products in agriculture. There are results of the research: the author's definition of the market of scientific products in agriculture is presented; the types of scientific products sold in agriculture are considered; the specific features of the market of scientific products in agriculture are presented.
The relevance of the proposed is due to problems of implementing a development strategy of the national food supply system considering the parameters of food security in the problem sectors, which include beef production, milk, the formation of a national seed system, staffing and the need for skilled personnel and the development of horticulture. An important aspect of this is the further improvement of the mechanism for forecasting food volumes in the conditions of insufficient systematic methods of managerial influence and the lack of development resources. The imperfection of today’s approaches used are of particular importance because the development trends of national food supply system are not described in the modern prognosis and not correspond to the development parameters of problem sectors of the food market. Thus, the development of the mechanism for managing the development of the national food supply system requires the improvement of methodological tools to ensure this strategic objective. The purpose of this article is to form a methodological approach to predict the parameters of the problem sectors of the agro-food market and on the basis of this further improvement of proposals to improve the management of the development of the national food supply system.
Целью исследования является формирование направлений, позволяющих улучшить стратегию развития зернового хозяйства. В качестве важного фактора, определяющего эффективность производства зерносеющих организаций, исследуется влияние эффекта масштаба, отражаемого размерами посевных площадей и величиной затрат на производство. Основным методом анализа является группировка, согласно которой зерносеющие организации области распределены по кластерам, а показатели, характеризующие в среднем каждый из них, сопоставляются между собой. В качестве основных показателей, по которым выполняется сравнительная оценка результативности и эффективности производства зерна, использовались: выручка, прибыль, затраты на производство и урожайность, определяемые в расчете на 1 га посевов зерновых, а также рентабельность продаж зерна. В исследовании подтверждено, что эффект масштаба значительно влияет на эффективность производства зерна. Наиболее эффективными кластерами зернопроизводителей в 2014-2016 гг. в Курской области являлись крупные хозяйства с посевной площадью зерновых от 4 до 8 тыс. га и от 8 до 16 тыс. га, при этом самые крупные зерносеющие организации региона гораздо менее эффективны, что свидетельствует о наличии ограничений эффекта масштаба. На основе полученных результатов анализа сформирован ряд приоритетных направлений регулирования и поддержки развития производителей зерна.
For check of a hypothesis the numerical behavioural model of Farrell’s type based on the nonparametric border of production capabilities constructed according to reporting data of the agricultural organizations is used. The hypothesis about the comparative advantages of grain production due to the availability of unused agricultural lands is supported for corporate farms in three oblasts of Russia's South Non-black-earth zone (Kaluga, Tula and Ryazan), only if the technological progress results in at least 1‰ productivity growth. In this case, the incremental grain production amounts to 4.10‰. This capacity is not sufficient for implementing large-scale grain projects.
The agricultural market of Russia as a whole and the market of oil and fat sub complex in particular from year to year is required to maintain a high competitive position, because in recent years there has been a positive dynamics of expansion of acreage of oilseeds, oil and fat business, import of vegetable oils and the conquest of the Russian domestic market from near and far abroad. The article made a rapid assessment of the state of oil and fat sub complex, reflects the main factors affecting the formation of the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, the grouping of functional and sectoral factors affecting the competitiveness of enterprises of oil and fat sub complex, as well as the analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of oilseeds. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the process of production of oilseeds, and revealed the components (activities) that enhance their economic efficiency. The article proposes and justifies measures aimed at solving the current problems of competitiveness and effective development of fat-and-oil sub complex with a reserve for the near future. The most significant, according to the authors, are the economic, financial and production components of the micro-and macro - level, including the profitability of production and processing of oilseeds, the timely introduction of innovative technologies for the production of oilseeds, technical modernization of enterprises in the field of storage and processing of seeds on the terms of state funding programs and concessional lending to agricultural enterprises of oil and fat sub complex.
The present paper contains a valuation of the PAO “Group “Cherkizovo”. The importance of this problem can be explained by the following reasons: analysis of efficiency of food companies is extremely important in the situation of food embargo, and the market value is an integral indicator of efficiency. In addition, PAO “Group “Cherkizovo” is one of the leading companies of the Russian agriculture and food industry and plays an important part on the food market. Valuation is based on cash flow analysis as other methods could not be implemented (either there were no necessary information or these methods did not correspond to the specificity of the problem). Cash flows were calculated on the basis of forecasted cash flows. The analysis demonstrated that the financial situation of the company is stable and that investors valuate it above the minimum value.
In this article, the definition of the term “forest sector” is being given; the article also provides analysis of the comprehensive research behind it, research allowing drawing up an accurate picture of the current state of the world’s forest sector. The main goal of the study is to highlight the inevitability of the transformation of Russia’s forest sector given the new understanding of the roles of forests, forest resources, forestry, forest management, timber processing and timber trade in the world’s economic system. The world community recognizes the crucial role of the forest sector in the regulation of climate change. It is clear that while oceans have a more prominent role in absorption of carbon dioxide than forests have, humanity cannot regulate oceans’ input into the absorption of greenhouse gases, yet it is possible to regulate the input of forests into the greenhouse gases absorption. This article concern problematic legislation, attempts to divide the forest-managing responsibilities between the Federal and regional authorities, unreasoned financial and economic relations. Revision of the legislative acts administering the forest managing in densely populated regions of Russia is not connected to the realms of economy and the current state of human capital in lowly forested regions of Russia Thereafter, scientific research in theory of forest sector economics is needed. The research has to be comprehensive, start with the evaluation of basic criteria of forest capital, costs of ecosystem and social services provided by forests, include evaluation of the cost of forest resources together with the findings in the area of costs of all types of silviculture, forest management and transportation of forestry products
The relevance of the research topic is to analyze the modern grain policy of Kazakhstan and summarize the most important promising areas of its development, ensuring a further increase in the production and export of grain. Based on the message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan to his people of January 30, 2017, "The Third Modernization of Kazakhstan: Global Competitiveness", the state program "National Export Strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2018-2022" and other = programs, the necessary conditions are created to increase grain exports of at least 1.5 times and labour productivity growth in the work in the grain sub complex by 45.1‰. The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate promising trends in the development of the national sub complex of the country, ensuring the growth of its effectiveness as the main sector of the entire agrarian economy of the state. At the same time, an important place is given to the expansion of cross-border cooperation with Russia, China, Uzbekistan and other Asian countries on the creation of joint ventures, centres of border trade in grain, the development of new logistics infrastructures and their joint use in the export of grain.
Disclosed The main reasons for the growing tensions in the resource supply of the food industry of China are revealed, which has necessitated the search for and development of new directions for providing food to the growing population of the country; at the same time, the growth of effective demand becomes the most important factor, which entails the need to restructure the structure of agricultural production and improve foreign economic activity in terms of enhancing investment activities abroad.
The Russian "economic" embargo has noticeable effect on volumes and cost of deliveries of vegetable products to Russia. There is analysis of foreign trade statistics on imports of goods of the group 07 commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the EU to Russia. It is shown that the structure of exporting countries has changed dramatically over the past few years. There has been a reorientation of the supply of products from EU countries to the countries of the EU, China, and Azerbaijan. The total volume of deliveries in 2017 decreased significantly compared to 2014. In real terms, supplies decreased by 27‰, in value by 39‰. The main suppliers of vegetable products are China (22‰ of the volume of supplies, and 27‰ of the cost), Egypt (18‰ of the volume, 10‰ of the cost), Belarus (15‰ of the volume, 10‰ of the cost), Azerbaijan (10‰ of the volume, 12‰ of the cost).