In the context of the thorny road of the cooperative movement in Russia, the article is devoted to the scientific foundations and modern legal support for a genuine revival of the cooperative movement in Russia. A serious lag in its theoretical development was noted, taking into account qualitative changes in the principles and world practice of cooperative activity. The reasons preventing this revival and increasing the effectiveness of cooperative activities and causing deformation of a rational agrarian structure are revealed. The necessity of forming a scientifically grounded cooperative policy and radical improvement of cooperative legislation is grounded. Definition of any cooperatives as commercial subjects of market business, in particular agrarian business, with active social orientation and the state support of members - owners of cooperative associations, providing them tax benefits, other measures of economic protection, especially at a stage of their formation will be scientifically based.
The relevance of the study is due to the dependence of domestic agriculture on foreign varieties of breeding, imported fertilizers and machinery. It is no secret that plant breeding is one of the foundations of food security of the country, therefore, the further development of the domestic market of scientific and technical products of plant growing, including selection achievements, acquires a crucial role in the development of not only the industry, but also the entire agriculture of the country. The market of scientific and technical products of crop production is a system of organizational, economic and legal relations between the participants of the selection and seed-growing process. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products of crop production. The methodological basis of the study was a review, analysis and generalization of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the development and functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products in crop production. As the main methods of research, we used the system and logical approaches, the method of theoretical knowledge, monographic, as additional: historical and scientific abstraction method. The main results of the study is the author's generalization of the views of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products in crop production. According to the results of the study: the author presents the definition of the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products of crop production; considers the organizational and economic tools of the market of scientific and technical products of plant production; developed proposals for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the market of scientific and technical products of plant.
Modern conditions of functioning of agriculture is characterized by the fact that finally the country began to carry out a protectionist policy towards the industry, which gave domestic producers relative freedom and support from the state. The policy pursued by the state has allowed agriculture to increase domestic production, but the efficiency of agricultural production is still lagging behind the indicators of advanced countries. In the new environment, the issues of competitiveness management have not faded into the background. On the contrary, the level of competition between producers, but now between domestic ones, is increasing. There are still important problems of saturation of domestic food production of the domestic food market, which would have a high competitiveness, the ability to displace imported products, which will begin to enter the market again, to ensure food security. In the article, on the example of enterprises producing dairy products, the state of the regional market and competitiveness management are analyzed, the expert assessment of product quality is carried out and the leading enterprises are determined. The factors that allow leaders to take the leading positions are revealed, it is stated that the most important resources that allow them to be the first are the use of digital and information technologies.
Despite the same conditions of economic activity, enterprise structures in the sphere of agricultural production have also distinctive features that cause essential differences in the level of agricultural production. The differentiated level of development of enterprise structures in agricultural production acts as a prerequisite of comparison of subjects of agrarian business on the level of development of agricultural production. The level of development of production of agricultural production can be characterized not only the physical volume of production, but also a set of other criteria, such as cost of fixed assets, work costs of production, etc. Therefore for a tipologization of subjects of agrarian business methods of multidimensional comparisons have been used. As a result of a research the agricultural organizations of the region have been divided into groups with very high, high and average level of production of vegetables of the open ground. The highest level on all set of classification criteria the Gold Field Agricultural firm of Novoaleksandrovsky district has.
The development of small business in agriculture over the past few years has been hampered by the outflow of people from rural areas and the low profitability of agricultural production. Regional programs aimed at changing this situation, copying the structure and main activities of the Federal level, poorly take into account the specific features of the natural and economic conditions of the regions. In this regard, the current mechanism of support for small businesses demonstrates low efficiency due to the lack of a balanced strategy for the distribution of state subsidies to various subjects of agricultural entrepreneurship. The research carried out by the authors made it possible to make adjustments to the existing steps of subsidizing small forms of management. The proposed measures are aimed at improving the regional model for the implementation of their state support in the allocation of subsidies on the basis of the recommendations of municipal units.
Complex cooperative legislation in Russia is the case in the confusion of Soviet and post-Soviet regulatory norms. The existing classification of cooperatives, both agricultural and non-agricultural, does not contribute to their development and government support. Agricultural cooperatives are not always involved in agricultural production and its maintenance, and vice versa. The group of cooperatives has shown that 46.7‰ of the registered cooperatives are garage and construction cooperatives, 19.3‰ - housing co-operatives, 14‰ - production cooperatives from which a little more than 10‰ are presented by agricultural production cooperatives, 6.4‰ are the share of consumer societies. Improvement of the regulatory and statistical basis of agricultural cooperation is extremely important.
The North Caucasus has a natural competitive advantage for agriculture. But at the same time, in general, in the NCFD, the level of labour productivity is lower than the average Russian almost twice. And not an abbreviation is observed, but an increase in this gap. As a result, the agriculture of the North Caucasus has a low level of competitiveness, despite the fact that in many subjects it is a system-forming branch of regional farms. The article analyzes the state of labour productivity in the agriculture of the North Caucasian Federal District and its subjects. The differentiation of the level of labour productivity in the subjects of the NCFD has been established, the causes have been identified, the influence of various factors has been calculated on the level of labour productivity, the strength of communication (using correlation coefficients) between labour productivity and the factors influencing its level has been calculated. Based on the generalization of the identified dependencies and problems, proposals are formulated to improve the level of labour productivity for various subjects of the NCFD.
The offered methodological approach to assessment of efficiency of the economic mechanism of development of branch communications is based on certain principles, the reasonable system of indicators and criteria for evaluation of efficiency. For assessment of efficiency of the economic mechanism of development of branch communications in a sub complex of meat production using of the concept "economic rationality" as the generalized quality standard of efficiency of the activity directed to achievement of the goal at the available restrictions and resources is offered. By means of method of expert evaluations diagnostics of system of branch communications in a meat production sub complex on the basis of which the main criteria of optimization of activity of the enterprises of branch are developed and proved is carried out. The technique of identification of inefficient business processes is developed. Methodical approaches of creation of the rational model of business processes differing from the links which are earlier existing smaller quantity in a chain and the coherence of processes with business functions of each stage leading to cost cutting, increase in level of consumption of meat production to medical reasonable norms at the existing purchasing power of the population are defined.
Research objective is justification of theoretical provisions and development of recommendations about the solution of problems of sale of agricultural production. Creation of marketing consumer cooperative in Vavozhsky district of the Udmurt Republic is offered. The pricing method providing a combination of expensive and market methods is offered. By means of a method of economic-mathematical modeling the existing channels of realization of beef in half carcasses, milk and potatoes have been analysed. Criterion of optimality in a profit ultimate goal taking into account rational specialization and concentration of the agricultural production in all objects considering necessary zootechnical and veterinary requirements. Offers on optimization of channels of realization of agricultural production in marketing consumer cooperative, different from the existing researches are proved by the integrated approach allowing to open model of optimization of channels of product sales taking into account implementation of payment on the offered plan.
Creation on the basis of integration of member countries of EEU, the CIS and BRICS of the common agrarian market on the basis of the agro-industrial formations uniting small farms for production of potatoes, vegetables, etc., and construction of the modern automated storages, including railway and specialized vehicles is proved. During creation waste-free the vertically-integrated agro-industrial formations and at construction in them pre-fabricated storages from an easy metalwork it is possible to increase supply of food potatoes and products of its processing to the countries of EEU, the CIS, SCO, BRICS, etc. to 710 million tons. For the member countries of the CIS, BRICS needs to develop joint strategic comprehensive programs of development of the common agrarian market or to begin to develop in common missing links of uniform grocery chains.