Economic assessment of crop cultivation technologies in conditions of high price volatility

Issue № 1, 2024, article № 8, pages 72-84

Section: Economic mechanism of managing

Language: Russian

Original language title: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЫСОКОЙ ВОЛАТИЛЬНОСТИ ЦЕН

Keywords: PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT, PRICES, OPERATING COSTS, NORMS, STANDARDS, MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

Abstract: Economic criteria, along with indicators of soil fertility, are a priority in the choice of technologies for cultivating crops. To a large extent, they depend on the volatility of prices for means of production and agricultural products and involve the prompt economic assessment of crop cultivation technologies based on scientific research data and up-to-date economic information. The efficiency of the economic assessment is provided by the corresponding web application and a database of enlarged standards of costs for technological operations. The economic assessment of technologies for growing permanent spring wheat and crops in crop rotations (steam–wheat – wheat – wheat; corn-wheat-peas-wheat; steam – wheat – soy – wheat) in various weather conditions in the period from 2012 to 2022 shows that with the prevailing prices for means of production and crop production, prices of 2023 in various weather conditions during plowing and surface tillage, with and without fertilizers, the most efficient production in the crop rotation is steam – wheat – soy – wheat. Of the two methods of tillage (plowing and surface) in arid conditions, the productivity of crop rotations and permanent wheat was 19-30% higher on plowing, the profitability was 11-36 percentage points higher. In average and favorable weather conditions, crop yield on plowing remains higher, but the difference between treatments decreases to 3-12 percentage points.. In this case, at lower costs, the profitability of the surface treatment technology is higher by 2 to 34 percentage points. The economic efficiency of using fertilizers at existing prices turned out to be low, especially in dry years. The cultivation of non-replaceable wheat in dry periods, both with fertilizers and without them, is unprofitable (profitability on plowing -25%, on surface treatment - 30%). The use of fertilizers leads to an increase in losses: at a dose of 20 kg – up to -31%, at a dose of 40 kg – up to -35 – -39%. In crop rotations, profitability is mostly positive, but with the use of fertilizers in unfavorable periods, it also decreases by 6–38 percentage points. The conducted economic assessment indicates the need to expand the area of crop rotations with soybeans and surface tillage, study and use more effective ways of applying fertilizers.

Authors: Stepnykh Nikolai Vasilevich, Kopylova Svetlana Anatolevna, Zargarian Artur Meruzhanovich