Trends in the development of robotics for agriculture abroad (on the example of UAVs and unmanned tractors)

Issue № 9, 2023, article № 2, pages 17-29

Section: Digitalization in agrarian and industrial complex

Language: Russian

Original language title: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ РОБОТОТЕХНИКИ ДЛЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ЗА РУБЕЖОМ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ БПЛА И БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ТРАКТОРОВ)

Keywords: ROBOTICS, UAVS, UNMANNED TRACTORS, EFFICIENCY, AGRICULTURE, TECHNICAL INDICATORS, MODELING

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of robotic technologies in agriculture and forecast the technical performance of certain types of agricultural robots (or agrobots). The current stage of development of agriculture in the world's leading countries includes wide application of robotics to increase productivity, provide food for the growing population of the planet, solve the problem of labor shortages, save materials and respect the environment. The coronavirus pandemic has closed borders and restricted movement for seasonal workers, eroding farmers' profits and jeopardizing food security around the world. This has further increased the focus on robotics as a key component of agricultural production. The agrobot market includes robots for weeding, sowing seeds, harvesting, unmanned tractors, agricultural drones, milking robots and others. In the article, the authors consider the agrobot market as a whole and its structure by individual types, methods of using robots and development trends of the main indicators of unmanned tractors and UAVs. For UAVs with different wing types, modifications of the main representatives of each type, most widely used in agriculture, are constructed, models of the dynamics of a number of absolute and specific technical indicators are constructed, and a complex indicator of technical complexity for UAVs with a fixed wing is calculated. According to the technical and economic indicators of unmanned tractors of the world's leading manufacturers given in the article, models of the price dependence on the main technical indicators of this type of robotics are built. The disadvantages and risks of using robotics in agriculture, which hinder the wider use of agrobots, are also considered.

Authors: Dubinina Marina Gennadevna, Dubinina Viktoriia Vasilevna