American farming: features of state support

Issue № 8, 2021, article № 11, pages 78-89

Section: ABROAD

Language: Russian

Original language title: АМЕРИКАНСКОЕ ФЕРМЕРСТВО: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ

Keywords: FARMS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, RURAL AREAS, THREATS AND RISKS, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Abstract: The multifunctionality of activities inherent in modern farms increases their importance both for the effective functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy and for the sustainable development of rural areas. However, at present, farmers have encountered serious difficulties in their activities, which are being overcome in a certain way in some of the most developed countries of the world. This article presents the main results of research on the functioning of farms in the United States. The article presents materials on such scientific problems as (1) the peculiarities of the development of farming in the United States of America, taking into account the threats and risks arising from modern environmental fluctuations (political, macroeconomic, climatic, biological), (2) the practices of state support for farmers, providing them with a prosperous existence and opportunities to participate in solving pressing issues of the life of the rural population. The main research idea is that farms are unique artifacts that can perform not only economic, but also social and environmental tasks in the rural space, and therefore state support for farming is aimed at the stable development of agricultural production and the sustainable evolution of rural areas. The main difficulties in the development of farming in the United States are noted: 1) the presence of many types of risks accompanying the activities of farms; 2) relatively low profitability of agricultural production, especially small farms, which make up the absolute majority (90‰) in the American agricultural economy, 3) unfavourable demographic age characteristics of farmers, which mean "aging" of farm managers, 4) unforeseen difficulties faced by farmers in the conditions of the coronacrisis. The specifics of state support for American farmers are its orientation to various groups of farms, the use of various tools to achieve socially significant goals, and the shift in emphasis in the goal-setting of state policy from purely economic to social and environmental. The scientific value of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the heuristic potential of existing theoretical developments in solving the current problems of farming development (including in Russia) and identifying new research areas that require development. The practical significance is due to the possibility of using the positive experience of state support for American farmers in domestic economic practice.

Authors: Golovina Svetlana Georgievna, Petukhova Marina Sergeevna