Analiz of the state of the machine and tractor park of the russian federation

Issue № 8, 2021, article № 8, pages 52-60

Section: Development of rural territories

Language: Russian

Original language title: АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ МАШИННО-ТРАКТОРНОГО ПАРКА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

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Abstract: The current socio-economic situation in the world determines the need for accelerated development of agricultural production in Russia. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to actively use new technologies that ensure the smooth and high-quality operation of the machine and tractor fleet. The article analyzes the current state of the agricultural machinery fleet in Russia, as well as in the context of federal districts, based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. In the agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation for the analyzed period, against the background of negative dynamics of quantitative changes in the machine and tractor fleet, there is a decrease in energy capacity to the level of 89.7 million hp as of 2019, which is 62.63‰ less than in 2000. The standard load per tractor is 135 ha in 2000, and 345 ha in 2019, which is 4.7 times higher than the standard. Thus, domestic agricultural enterprises are characterized by: Against the background of low stock-to-weight ratio, there is a decrease in the number of purchased units of tractors and combine harvesters. It is noted that the number of purchased agricultural machinery does not provide sufficient rates of its renewal. At the same time, in most agricultural organizations, the service life of the predominant part of the equipment exceeds 10 years. Based on the data of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation on the availability, demand and forecast for the purchase of basic types of agricultural machinery in the federal districts, the calculation of the shortage of equipment formed as of 2019 and the projected coverage of the deficit in the period up to 2025 was made. Districts with a projected volume of equipment purchases below the existing deficit were identified, while there are districts with a projected volume of equipment purchases exceeding the necessary need to cover the deficit.

Authors: Volkova Elena Aleksandrovna, Smoliannnova Natalia Olegovna, Sinegovskii Mikhail Olegovich, Malashonok Anastasiia Aleksandrovna