Scientific and technological development of grain production in russia: comprehensive assessment, problems and solutions

Issue № 6, 2021, article № 9, pages 71-79

Language: Russian

Original language title: НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЗЕРНОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА РОССИИ: КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ

Keywords: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, GRAIN PRODUCTION, PRODUCTION FACTORS, EFFICIENCY, COMMERCIALIZATION, TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract: The article suggests that the assessment of the scientific and technological development of grain production should be based on the efficiency of the use of production factors: labour, capital, land. Indicators – productivity, capital productivity, productivity-allow you to evaluate the resulting efficiency when introducing new technologies into production. It is shown that the accelerated scientific and technological development of the industry is possible only with high (above the average industry) efficiency indicators of all factors of grain production at the same time. In Russia, this is achieved only in the Southern Federal District. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that in the grain industry of our country there is an increase in the innovative activity of farms in the form of an increase in the cost of technological innovations by more than 6 times in 5 years, an increase in the share of organizations engaged in technological innovations in crop production – by 2 times and the level of innovative activity of organizations engaged in crop production by 14.3‰. Despite the positive dynamics in many indicators of scientific and technological development of the industry, there are a number of problems that hinder it: a low level of innovative activity of agricultural producers; insufficient amounts of mineral and organic fertilizers; underdevelopment of the Russian seed market; lack of highly qualified specialists able to work with modern information technologies in grain production and scientists in the field of agricultural sciences; high cost of grain production. Promising areas of scientific and technological development of the grain industry are the creation of new business models in the selection of grain crops; the development of a " digital foundation "for the digitalization of the industry; the introduction of new" package " solutions to the market (agrochemistry + seeds with varietal technology + digital platforms) and stimulating demand for agrobiotechnologies.

Authors: Rudoi Evgenii Vladimirovich, Petukhova Marina Sergeevna