Rural nechernozemye: from plan to market

Issue № 5, 2021, article № 1, pages 3-15

Section: Agrarian policy: problems and decisions

Language: Russian

Original language title: СЕЛЬСКОЕ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЕ: ОТ ПЛАНА К РЫНКУ

Keywords: ECONOMY, RURAL AREAS, PROGRAM, MACRO REGION, REGION, GROWTH RATE, CONCENTRATION

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the phenomena and processes that determined the development of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the conditions of a planned, transitional and market economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the results of the implementation of the agricultural development program in the Non-Black Earth Region for 1974-1990. (Programs), establish their impact on transformational changes in the period from entering the market to the present day and determine the likely directions for the development of the situation in the future. Research methodology is statistical analysis of the structure and series of dynamics of socio-economic phenomena in rural areas of the Non-Black Earth Region. The productions, economic and social results of the Program have been established. Targets of the Program by 1990 have not been achieved for any type of agricultural product. The main results of social development were a decrease in the intensity of migration of the rural population from the Non-Black Earth Region, and the achievement of a high level of monetary wages in agriculture. The economic and social consequences of the institutional, industrial and structural post-program transformation of agriculture and rural areas have been established. It was revealed that the production of fiber flax and winter rye crops, traditional for Non-chernozem, is in the stage of degradation. The area of their placement is narrowed down to several regions, and the prospects for restoration are not being considered. There is an excessive territorial concentration and localization of production in pig and poultry farming, uneven development of rural areas, the development of processes of their social desertification. The place of the rural Non-Black Earth Region in the Russian Federation has been determined according to the main production, economic and socio-demographic indicators. Taking into account the current trends and key phenomena, a view on the future of the rural Non-Black Earth Region is briefly formulated.

Authors: Kostiaev Aleksandr Ivanovich, Petrikov Aleksandr Vasilevich, Ivanov Andrei Leonidovich, Mitin Sergei Gerasimovich, Nikonova Galina Nikolaevna