Impact of digitalization of agro-technology management on resource efficiency

Issue № 8, 2020, article № 5, pages 46-65

Section: Economic mechanism of managing

Language: Russian

Original language title: ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЯМИ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РЕСУРСОВ

Keywords: PRICES, PRICE DISPARITY, RESOURCE COST, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, DIGITAL MANAGEMENT METHODS, NAVIGATION SYSTEMS, TRANSPORT MONITORING, DIFFERENTIATION BY FIELDS, E-BOOK HISTORY OF FIELDS

Abstract: Against the background disparity of price between means of production and crops production, to maintain a sufficient level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of resource use and their reasonable savings, which can be achieved using digital management methods. The purpose of this work is to study the development of digital technologies in crop production and the economic efficiency of their implementation. The research task was to calculate indicators that reflect resource savings in the cultivation of field crops. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from literary sources, annual reports of agricultural enterprises in the Kurgan region, and the results of production activities of the Kurgan research Institute are used. It is confirmed that the most cost-effective and most common method of digitalization in crop production is the use of geoinformation systems. It is estimated that due to its use in parallel driving systems (not counting the reduction of non-target fuel costs when monitoring transport), it is possible to save more than 2 thousand roubles/ha. The introduction of digital innovations in production is considered on the example of our own developments: computer programs for maintaining a book of history fields and automatic calculation of technological maps. The results of the study showed that taking into account the economic parameters for each fields makes it possible to adapt technologies to local conditions. Internal reserves for saving resources were identified based on digital monitoring of fields: scientifically based, differentiated by fields calculation of fertilizer doses, volumes and assortment of pesticides used, cultivation of tolerant varieties, and sowing in optimal terms. It is established that due to the scientifically based design of agricultural technologies, the increase in profitability from the use of resources can reach 25 ‰. The practical value lies in the fact that the annual economic analysis of production, differentiated by fields, will allow you to develop a strategy for designing agricultural technologies in similar years and improve the efficiency of resource use. To expand the implementation of digitalization, further research on its effectiveness in crop production is still required.

Authors: Stepnykh Nikolai Vasilevich, Nesterova Elena Viktorovna, Zargarian Artur Meruzhanovich