State and prospects of sustainable production of high-quality grain in stavropol region

Issue № 3, 2020, article № 6, pages 55-66

Language: Russian

Original language title: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВЫСОКОКАЧЕСТВЕННОГО ЗЕРНА В СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОМ КРАЕ

Keywords: GRAIN PRODUCTION, STAVROPOL REGIONI, YIELD, WINTER WHEAT, GRAIN QUALITY, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, GRADE

Abstract: The article for a long period of time (1963-2019) provides an analysis of the state of grain production in the Stavropol region, determined the trend of change of the area of crops, yield, gross fees. Based on the analysis carried out, it was found that with the increase in the yield of winter wheat grain there is a steady tendency to decrease its quality. Iт 1963-1990 average protein content in wheat was 14.2-15.3‰, and gluten 26.4-28.2‰, then in 2016-2019, respectively, decreased to 12.4 and 21.3‰, and in 2016, while the share of food grain is - 80‰. Studies have shown that many factors influence the formation of sustainable and efficient production of high-quality winter wheat grains: Natural and climatic conditions, genetic properties of the variety, plant cultivation technologies, protection means, mineral fertilizers, etc. On the basis of many years of scientific research, with regard to grain production, recommendations are given to increase the production of high-quality grain in the Stavropol region: Optimize grain crop structures, provide plants with mineral nutrition elements, taking into account their scientific and reasonable need; Pay special attention to the use of nitrogen fertilizers during vegetation and in accordance with soil and plant diagnostics; Expand the use of physiologically active substances of the new generation, improve the work of breeding centres in order to create varieties with high grain quality and having increased resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, etc.

Authors: Eroshenko Fedor Vladimirovich, Oganian Lusine Robertovna, Storchak Irina Gennadevna, SHestakova Elena Olegovna