Territorial aspects of robotization of agriculture

Issue № 3, 2019, article № 4, pages 35-46

Section: Economic mechanism of managing

Language: Russian

Original language title: ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РОБОТИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

Keywords: RURAL AREAS, ROBOTICS, REMOTENESS OF TERRITORIES, ROBOT DENSITY

Abstract: Depopulation processes are observed in the rural areas of the Russian Federation. In these conditions, an increasing number of economic entities in the agrarian sphere use robotics. This allows soothing this problem, improving production and economic indicators. The article summarizes the results of the study of rural areas of the Russian Federation, where robotics is used in agrarian production. The study aims to identify the general characteristics of these territories, their isolation from cities and the proportion of the rural population in them. This makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of decision-making on development and introduction of innovative agricultural development programs, and to increase the effectiveness of robotization of the agrarian sector of the economy. The study covers all regions of the Russian Federation, where robots are used in agriculture, 71 municipal units, 103 economic entities. As of January 1, 2017, 393 robots were used in the agrarian sector of the economy, primarily in animals milking. The conception and classification of rural areas is the most fully described within the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. A significant number (39‰) of economic entities using robotics is located not far (up to 80 km) from regional centers. This is due to as the need of entities to overcome the shortage of the personnel because of a high level of labour migration to cities, and as the availability of a necessary infrastructure for service of robotics. The maximum density of robotics is observed in areas with a share of the rural population of 15-50‰, the minimum - with a share of the rural population of more than 50‰. According to the isolation criterion, the maximum density of robotics is observed in mixed suburban (114.0) and mixed remote (94.2) territories. This is explained with the fact that agricultural organizations in suburban areas have a significant shortage of personnel and are forced to use robotics. Remote rural areas have the minimum density of robotization (50.4), which necessitates the development and use of the mechanism, and higher priority for robotization to overcome technological inferiority and stagnation processes.

Authors: Semin Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Skvortsov Egor Artemovich, Skvortsova Ekaterina Gennadevna