Problems and prospects for the development of high-tech import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of Russia

Issue № 3, 2026, article № 3, pages 20-30

Section: Economic mechanism of managing

Language: Russian

Original language title: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОГО ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ В АПК РОССИИ

Keywords: AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, RUSSIAN ECONOMY, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES, INNOVATION, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Abstract: In the course of the assessment of import dependence in the agro-industrial complex, it was concluded that the currently implemented import substitution model does not meet modern economic conditions; it is predominantly unsystematic, is implemented based on the principle of adaptation to the impact of external shocks (technological, political, market conditions) and is based on medium- and short-term industry programs. The following were identified as the main factors hindering the intensification of high-tech import substitution processes in the agro-industrial complex: insufficient effectiveness of government support measures for the agro-industrial complex; A shift in imports to the East, accompanied by persistent deindustrialization trends in the agro-industrial economy; inertia in the integration of small and medium-sized agribusinesses into national and international value chains, as well as poorly established interactions between the most competitive agro-industrial clusters; insufficient institutional support for import substitution processes across agro-industrial sectors, coupled with information asymmetry in individual markets. The theoretical import substitution models examined, the application of which in developing countries has proven highly effective, allow us to conclude that it is necessary to implement the Concept of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Russia within the framework of a mixed model, which should be based on: a technological benchmark for the development of agro-industrial enterprises, ensuring access to the best technologies applied within Industry 4.0; the development of international scientific, technical, and technological cooperation; structural changes in the system of reproductive relations; and the expansion of state support for agro-industrial enterprises. The provisions of the Concept presented in this article are developed and specified within the framework of the developed roadmap for import substitution in the Russian agro-industrial complex.

Authors: Slesarenko Ekaterina Vladimirovna, SHeveleva Oksana Borisovna, Zonova Olga Vasilevna, CHernykh Polina Aleksandrovna