Economic justification of the age of effective productive use of dairy cows of various breeds

Issue № 3, 2025, article № 9, pages 82-88

Language: Russian

Original language title: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВОЗРАСТА ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ПРОДУКТИВНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДОЙНЫХ КОРОВ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОРОД

Keywords: DAIRY COWS, DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY, PAYBACK PERIOD, BREAK-EVEN POINT

Abstract: The article assesses the production and economic indicators of the development of the dairy cattle breeding industry in the Kaluga region over the past 10 years. Such indicators as the terms of productive use of cows and the achieved yield, profitability of production, price indicators of cost and sale of milk were analyzed. On the basis of scientific, methodological and regulatory documents, calculations were made of the normative payback period of the invested funds for entering the first-class herd according to two research options: subject to on-farm repairs; when buying a breeding netel, which amounted to 8 months and 13.5 months of lactation. The standard level of productivity determining the break-even point of milk production is a value of 6000 kg. Based on the actual performance indicators of the industry as a whole in the region, the minimum parameters for the productive use of dairy cows were calculated, which, with a productivity level of 9274 kg, amounted to 20.5 months in the first version of the studies and 24 months in the second version, while the break-even point is 6800 kg. During the study, three farms of the region with cow productivity in 2023 were analyzed: 5545, 8300 and 9163 kg, the payback period in these farms ranged from 25 months (option 1 only), 25.3 months (option 1 only), 25 months (option 1) and 30.8 months (second option), at break-even points with productivity of 4600, 6240 and 6400 kg of milk. Studies allow us to conclude that with the existing level of cow milk yield and profitability of milk production, the statement about the payback of the cost of buying or raising repair young animals only after 3-4 lactation of the cow has lost its relevance.

Authors: Kuznetsova Liubov Vasilevna, Mazurov Vladimir Nikolaevich