Economic efficiency of the use of chemicals in crop production in the Zauralye

Issue № 1, 2025, article № 11, pages 97-107

Language: Russian

Original language title: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ХИМИЗАЦИИ В РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВЕ ЗАУРАЛЬЯ

Keywords: FERTILIZERS, PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, PRODUCTIVITY, PRICES, COSTS, PROFITABILITY

Abstract: The article considers the economic efficiency of the use of chemicals in agricultural enterprises of the Kurgan region. The increase in the use of fertilizers and plant protection products in the period from 1976 to 2023 did not lead to an increase in grain yields, but affected a decrease in profitability, especially in 2022-2023. Partially, the lag in yield growth from the cost of chemicals may be due to a decrease in moisture availability, which is reflected in a decrease in the hydrothermal coefficient. On the other hand, the decrease in the profitability of crop production is associated with a decrease in prices for crop products, primarily for grain and an increase in prices for means of production. In the economic assessment of the use of chemicals, groupings of agricultural enterprises were carried out according to the level of costs per hectare of sowing grain crops. The method of chain substitutions was used to determine the main factors of profitability reduction. With the help of a web application developed by the authors, an analysis of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers in the experiments of the Kurgan Research Institute was carried out. The data of experiments on testing fertilizers in the existing economic conditions (low grain prices and high prices for chemicals) confirm the low level of economic efficiency of fertilizers in production. The experience of conducting effective farming of agricultural enterprises of the region is summarized. One of these enterprises is CJSC Kolkhoz Novy Put. In order to create appropriate conditions in most other enterprises, the State should take measures to increase revenues by significantly increasing their financial support.

Authors: Stepnykh Nikolai Vasilevich, Zargarian Artur Meruzhanovich, Kramshenkova Svetlana Mikhailovna